2018 Offshore Wind Technologies Market Report

Abstract

NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content This report is being disseminated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As such, this document was prepared in compliance with Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2001 (public law 106-554) and information quality guidelines issued by DOE. Though this report does not constitute "influential" information, as that term is defined in DOE's information quality guidelines or the Office of Management and Budget's Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review, the study was reviewed both internally and externally prior to publication. For purposes of external review, the study benefited from the advice and comments of seven wind industry and trade association representatives, nine consultants, one academic institution, and five U.S. Government employees.

Approaches for Integrating Renewable Energy Technologies in Oil and Gas Operations

“…Costs for offshore wind generation have fallen significantly since then and are anticipated to continue to decrease as the technology matures. The average strike price for European offshore wind projects that come online between 2021 and 2025 is less than half the strike price for similar projects that have or will come online between 2016 and 2020 (Musial, et al 2017).…”

An investigation on the impacts of passive and semiactive structural control on a fixed bottom and a floating offshore wind turbine

“…To calculate the damping force ( F MRD ), the TMD motion (x r ) is used as an input for Equations (2) to (4). A fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method is utilized to solve Equations (2) to (4) and a maximum force of 7 kN for off-state) and the desired strokes of ±0.8 m. The five parameters including k 0 , k 1 , c 0 , c 1 , and α that affect the maximum force capacity and the damper stroke were changed in order to fit the force capacity and the stroke.…”

“…3 For deployment of OWTs in deeper water sites, floating platforms are necessary, and a growing number of proposed projects plan to use floating technology. 4 Among fixed-bottom substructures, monopiles have a relatively simple fabrication process and are more quickly installed offshore, which generally enables a cost-effective solution in comparison with complicated fixed-bottom structures such as a jacket or a tripod. The current trend in offshore wind development is toward larger turbines installed in deeper water.…”

Inserção da energia eólica offshore no Brasil: análise de princípios e experiências regulatórias

“…O primeiro parque eólico offshore dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) entrou em operação no final de 2016. Trata-se de uma usina demonstração de 30 MW, composta por cinco turbinas de 6 MW, construída a 6,1 km da costa sudeste de Block Island, no estado de Rhode Island, a profundidades entre 23 e 28 metros (MUSIAL, et al, 2017;DERRICK, et al, 2017 abordado esse assunto, que serve de paradigma para ilustrar problemas que podem ser causados por conta de um marco regulatório sem clareza sobre as entidades responsáveis pelo processo de permissão e concessão de parques eólicos offshore (BUSH; HOAGLAND, 2016;CAMPBELL, 2013;FIRESTONE, et al, 2012;POWELL, 2012;CONATHAN;CAPERTON, 2011;CONGER, 2011;ROLLERI, 2010;SCHROEDER, 2010;ZIZA, 2008;HADAM, 2007;WEBER, 2007;SCHIAVINATO, 2008;FIRESTONE;KEMPTON, 2007;SMITH, 2004;WATSON;COURTNEY, 2004;UTZINGER, 2004;HARTLAND, 2003). (2011) Caso haja vários interessados, a BOEM emitirá regras para realização de um leilão.…”

“…De forma semelhante, as questões de usos múltiplos do mar são analisadas descrição dos impactos socioambientais que efetiva ou potencialmente podem ser provocados, e os possíveis conflitos com outros usos e atividades desenvolvidas no espaço oceânico, são apresentados no APÊNDICE B. larga escala para geração de eletricidade, no início do decêndio de 1970. Entretanto, somente nos primeiros anos do decêndio de 1990, após a indústria eólica ter alcançado algum sucesso comercial, a comunidade de pesquisa começou a investigar energia eólica offshore novamente(ROGERS et al, 2000;MUSIAL; RAM, 2010, p.22;ATHANASIA;GENACHTE, 2013) MEYER, 1995;BEURSKENS;NOORD, 2003)…”