240Pu/239Pu mass ratio in environmental samples in Finland

Salminen‐Paatero, Susanna; Nygren, U.; Paatero, Jussi

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.06.005

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios measured in soil samples collected after the Chernobyl accident, but before the FDNPP accident, were not indicative of Chernobyl-derived Pu 26 . Furthermore, 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios measured in environmental samples contaminated by the Chernobyl accident were found to be <0.60 35 – 38 . These observations infer that the anomalously high 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio measured here is unlikely to have been sourced from the Chernobyl disaster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial pattern of plutonium and radiocaesium contamination released during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster

Dunne

Martin

Yamashiki

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Plutonium and radiocaesium are hazardous contaminants released by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) disaster and their distribution in the environment requires careful characterisation using isotopic information. Comprehensive spatial survey of 134Cs and 137Cs has been conducted on a regular basis since the accident, but the dataset for 135Cs/137Cs atom ratios and trace isotopic analysis of Pu remains limited because of analytical challenges. We have developed a combined chemical procedure to separate Pu and Cs for isotopic analysis of environmental samples from contaminated catchments. Ultra-trace analyses reveal a FDNPP Pu signature in environmental samples, some from further afield than previously reported. For two samples, we attribute the dominant source of Pu to Reactor Unit 3. We review the mechanisms responsible for an emergent spatial pattern in 134,135Cs/137Cs in areas northwest (high 134Cs/137Cs, low 135Cs/137Cs) and southwest (low 134Cs/137Cs, high 135Cs/137Cs) of FDNPP. Several samples exhibit consistent 134,135Cs/137Cs values that are significantly different from those deposited on plant specimens collected in previous works. A complex spatial pattern of Pu and Cs isotopic signature is apparent. To confidently attribute the sources of mixed fallout material, future studies must focus on analysis of individual FDNPP-derived particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial pattern of plutonium and radiocaesium contamination released during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster

Dunne

Martin

Yamashiki

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Metal distributions measured in this study are very similar to those of parent rocks (natural crust) in Spitsbergen. Rocks in Hornsund contain very low concentrations of heavy metals (Pb ∼ 11 mg kg −1 , Cd ∼ 0.04 mg kg −1 , Zn ∼ 58 mg kg −1 , Cu ∼ 20 mg kg −1 ; Samecka-Cymerman et al, 2011). Enrichment in Cd and Pb was found in surface and subsurface soil profile layers (Fig.…”

Section: Radionuclides and Heavy Metal Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Airborne radionuclides and heavy metals in High Arctic terrestrial environment as the indicators of sources and transfers of contamination

Łokas¹

2019

Preprint

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A survey of airborne radioactive isotopes ( 137 Cs, 238 Pu, 239+240 Pu, 241 Am, and 210 Pb) and trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Al) in tundra soils and cryoconite hole material sampled from several locations in the Kaffiøyra region of Spitsbergen revealed significant variability in spatial concentration. Lithogenic radionuclides ( 230 Th, 232 Th, 234 U, 238 U) show less variability than the airborne radionuclides because their activity concentrations are controlled by mixing of local material derived from different types of bedrock.Activity ratios of the artificial radionuclides in most cryoconite samples differ from global fallout signatures. The contribution of radionuclides from additional and more specific sources might be enhanced by non-continuous exposure of cryoconite to atmospheric deposition. We assumed that the main source of Pu, which was detected only in cryoconite samples, is derived from nuclear tests and nonexploded weapons-grade material. Approximately one-third of the total observed Pu activity concentration is 238 Pu, most likely originating from the SNAP9A satellite re-entry, which was powered by a 238 Pu thermoelectric generator. In samples from Waldemarbreen the influence of glacial local morphology on the capability of cryoconite for trapping and ac-cumulating airborne radionuclides is apparent. Local glacial morphology plays an important role in determining the accumulation of airborne pollutants. Trace metal concentrations in soils were typical or slightly higher than concentrations characteristic for the natural background; the 206 Pb/ 207 Pb signature was also close to the natural ratio of the parent rocks. Conversely, trace metal concentrations in cryoconite samples (Pb and Cd) were higher than in soil samples and exceeded natural values. Cryoconite is an effective monitor of the spread of artificial radionuclides and heavy metals in their surrounding environment.

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“…Isotope ratios were measured from multiple environmental samples collected in Finland by ICP-SFMS (Thermo Element 2) operating in low resolution, tted with a coaxial nebulizer and cyclonic spray chamber. 297 Instrument performance was carried out using a certied reference material containing natural U, and quality of 240 chemical separation, old alpha planchettes were wet-ashed and puried by extraction chromatography prior to measurement. Both airborne Pu and U originating from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP were identied in the atmosphere 120 km from the site through measurement of aerosol samples, with a sampling time of approximately one week.…”

Section: Plutonium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma source mass spectrometry for radioactive waste characterisation in support of nuclear decommissioning: a review

Croudace

Russell

Warwick

2017

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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240Pu/239Pu mass ratio in environmental samples in Finland

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Spatial pattern of plutonium and radiocaesium contamination released during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster

Spatial pattern of plutonium and radiocaesium contamination released during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster

Airborne radionuclides and heavy metals in High Arctic terrestrial environment as the indicators of sources and transfers of contamination

Plasma source mass spectrometry for radioactive waste characterisation in support of nuclear decommissioning: a review

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