25th Anniversary Article: “Cooking Carbon with Salt”: Carbon Materials and Carbonaceous Frameworks from Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s

Fellinger, Tim‐Patrick; Thomas, Arne; Yuan, Jiayin; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1002/adma.201301975

Cited by 188 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(147 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

152

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…64,65 Especially, nitrogen-doped carbons (NdCs) are the most successfully heteroatom-doped carbons having promising catalytic activities for a wide variety of catalytic reactions. 66 The strategy towards control of NdCs' catalytic activity is based on the nitrogen content, chemical structure of the doping nitrogen, and morphology. There are two major approaches to dope nitrogen into carbon: posttreatments or in situ doping.…”

Section: Nanoporous and High Surface Area Nitrogen-doped Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,66,75 The first report using imidazolium-or pyridinium-based ILs for a functional carbon synthesis was independently reported by two groups. 76,77 The use of IL-and PIL-based precursors has several benefits for nanostructured NdCs synthesis: (1) they easily wet surfaces of various materials thus, they can form homogenous films or coatings or enable the creation of nanohybrids; they are not volatile and are essentially position-stable until they are condensed towards higher entities, (3) they enable us to obtain not only N-doped carbons having different chemical structures but codoped carbons like N,S-doped or N,B-doped carbons by selection of ILs and PILs (Figure 9).…”

Section: Synthesis Of N-doped Carbons From Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76,77 The use of IL-and PIL-based precursors has several benefits for nanostructured NdCs synthesis: (1) they easily wet surfaces of various materials thus, they can form homogenous films or coatings or enable the creation of nanohybrids; they are not volatile and are essentially position-stable until they are condensed towards higher entities, (3) they enable us to obtain not only N-doped carbons having different chemical structures but codoped carbons like N,S-doped or N,B-doped carbons by selection of ILs and PILs (Figure 9). 66 The effective IL-/PIL-based precursors for functional caboneous materials are imidazolium-, or pyridinium-based cations with nitrilebased anions such as, dicyanamide (dca), tricyanomethinide, or tetracyanoborate cations. 75 These cyano-based cations can undergo trimerization to form triazine rings at relative lowtemperature region, therefore, they can condense before full decomposition of the precursors.…”

Section: Synthesis Of N-doped Carbons From Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

Sakaushi

Antonietti

2014

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

Self Cite

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this account, the emergence of a new family of porous solid-state materials based on carbon and nitrogen is discussed. This started with the observation that carbon nitride, a polymeric material with a composition close to C 3 N 4 , is not only unexpectedly thermally and chemically stable, but a semiconductor at the same time and able to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions, such as DielsAlder cyclizations, oxidations, and photochemical water splitting. Carbon nitride is however already sufficiently reviewed but related materials with similar potential have essentially been not sufficiently covered. The remaining structures are manifold and cover the range from on the one hand covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) as new semiconducting porous solid-state materials to the other porous nitrogen-doped carbons (NdCs) as catalysts which are known to be applicable in a variety of electrocatalytic reactions. CTFs are porous polymeric frameworks constituted of triazine rings and other aromatic rings. Chemical binding motifs and crystal structures can be used to control the band structure of such an (organic) solid-state material. Porous NdCs are usually made by adding nitrogen sources to classical carbonization recipes, and they are attracting a lot of interest because of their catalytic activity for electrochemical processes, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This account will summarize state-ofthe-art work on those systems being next-generation catalysts for different kinds of reactions, which are affordable and high-performance catalysts with unique principle for emergence of catalytic activities, combining theoretical and experimental studies together with basic and applied science in a range of scientific fields from chemistry to physics. Indeed, the first exploration of the above materials as candidates for components of fuel cells and rechargeable metalair batteries are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Nanoporous and High Surface Area Nitrogen-doped Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of N-doped Carbons From Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of N-doped Carbons From Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

Sakaushi

Antonietti

2014

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

Self Cite

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent years, various precursor-salt combinations were investigated to achieve highly porous (heteroatom doped) carbon materials for topical applications in the energy storage and conversion field. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The more recent research focused on the application of cheap and sustainable carbon sources, such as human hair, water hyacinth, bioimidazoliums, glucose, glucosamine, modified lignin or adenine, but even common organic solvents could be carbonized via hot-injection. [29,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] However, for some precursors, especially sulfur containing compounds acidic work-up may be required to remove side products such as zinc sulfide or zinc oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity

Pampel

Dento

Fellinger

2016

Carbon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ionothermal synthesis strategy to obtain a set of glucose derived carbons with tailored pore system is demonstrated. The biomass derived materials possess high surface areas and large total pore volumes with values up to 2160 m2 g−1 and 1.74 cm3 g−1, respectively. The tailoring of the pore system is realized by simply changing the molar composition of the KCl/ZnCl2 mixture which serves as combined solvent-porogen. Increasing \KCl\} contents result in a continuous pore opening and rising pore volume leading to enhanced mass transport porosity. Those effects are accompanied by a linear decrease of the specific surface area which allows for the preparation of porous carbons of high and predictable surface areas between 2160 and 960 m2 g−1. Experiments exemplarily shown for the application as supercapacitor electrodes, the different materials show a decreased gravimetric capacity, but enhanced capacity retention as well as improved areal capacity with incresased \{KCl\ content nicely supporting the improved mass transport properties

show abstract

“…For more information regarding the preparation of porous carbon materials via ionothermal/ molten salt approaches and also their main applications, several review works are available in the literature [132][133][134][135][136].…”

Section: Porosity -Process Technologies and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Mestre¹,

Carvalho²

2018

Porosity - Process, Technologies and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activated carbons are key materials in technological applications of multidisciplinary fields (e.g. adsorption, separation, and catalytic processes). The extensive use of these materials results from the combination of a well-developed pore network (micropores or micro + mesopores) along with the presence of heteroatoms (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). The large scale production of nanoporous carbons is a well-established process since the first patents date from the beginning of the twentieth century. Conventional activation methodologies are divided between physical, using steam or CO 2 , and chemical, being KOH, ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 the most commonly reported oxidizing agents. Due to the panoply of operational parameters that can be changed or added in the production of activated carbons, there is still room for R&D. In this chapter, both conventional and innovative synthetic processes are reviewed to offer an up-to-date picture regarding raw materials, carbonization step, activation process, and other approaches. Conventional activation of gels and chars obtained by novel approaches (i.e. sol-gel method, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and acid-mediated carbonization) and more innovative strategies (i.e. variations of HTC process, carbonization of organic salts and ionothermal approaches) are addressed. Textural, surface chemistry and morphological properties of the derived porous carbons were reviewed and critically rationalized.

show abstract

25th Anniversary Article: “Cooking Carbon with Salt”: Carbon Materials and Carbonaceous Frameworks from Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s

Cited by 188 publications

References 88 publications

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

Carbon- and Nitrogen-Based Porous Solids: A Recently Emerging Class of Materials

Glucose derived ionothermal carbons with tailor-made porosity

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About