27. Grammaticalization in creole languages: Accelerated functionalization and semantic imitation

Michaelis, Susanne Maria; Haspelmath, Martín

doi:10.1515/9783110712735-013

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This result is consistent with McWhorter's (2018) claims that "there is no 'creole' kind of grammaticalization" and that "grammaticalization has indeed occurred to an unusually vast degree in the few centuries that most creoles are known to have existed" (McWhorter 2018). Further, my explanation will appeal to the idea of accelerated functionalization put forward by Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020) (section 4.1). Of course, my argument in no way negates the fact that contact-induced change has occurred in other areas of SC morphosyntax.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…But other external factors could be at the origin of the grammaticalization process I examined in section 3. So before concluding, I want to discuss two hypotheses: Michaelis & Haspelmath's (2020) Extra-Transparency Hypothesis linked to second language acquisition and my own sociolinguistic hypothesis which I call the Distinction during Codification Hypothesis. (Michaelis & Haspelmath 2020) In recent creole studies, debates have largely centered on "creole exceptionalism", the question whether creoles are special languages.…”

Section: Possible Motivations For the Grammaticalization Of Kanmaradmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So before concluding, I want to discuss two hypotheses: Michaelis & Haspelmath's (2020) Extra-Transparency Hypothesis linked to second language acquisition and my own sociolinguistic hypothesis which I call the Distinction during Codification Hypothesis. (Michaelis & Haspelmath 2020) In recent creole studies, debates have largely centered on "creole exceptionalism", the question whether creoles are special languages. According to some linguists, creoles show great transparency and simplicity (e. g. McWhorter 2001;Parkvall 2008;Bakker & al.…”

Section: Possible Motivations For the Grammaticalization Of Kanmaradmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2003;Plag 2002;McWhorter 2018) and in other language contact situations (e. g. Heine & Kuteva 2003, 2005. Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020) state: "A very important phenomenon that interacts with grammaticalization in creole languages is 'semantic imitation' of substrate languages". Different cases of what Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020) summarize as "semantic imitation" have been discussed in the literature under different rubrics, e. g. ordinary contact-induced grammaticalization (Heine & Kuteva 2003, 2005, apparent grammaticalization (Bruyn 1996(Bruyn , 2009, and polysemy copying (Heine & Kuteva 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using data from both earlier and contemporary SC and MC, I discuss several grammaticalization mechanisms that played a role in the grammaticalization of kanmarad. Lastly (section 4), after a brief discussion of the notion of accelerated functionalization suggested by Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020), I consider possible reasons for the emergence of the 'companion'-based reciprocal construction. I discuss the Extra-Transparency Hypothesis and the Distinction during Codification Hypothesis as possible factors favoring an ordinary language-internal grammaticalization process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Grammaticalization in Seychelles Creole: the coding of reciprocity by kanmarad

Kriegel

2021

isogloss

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Seychelles Creole (SC) is one of the few creoles with a grammaticalized reciprocity marker. The grammaticalized use of kanmarad (< Fr. camarade ‘comrade, companion’) is mentioned in the grammars of SC (Bollée 1977; Corne 1977; Choppy 2009) but its evolution and distribution in modern SC have never been analyzed. This contribution first presents present-day data from spoken and written corpora of SC and compares them to data published in the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, APiCS (Michaelis & al. 2013). Appealing to several grammaticalization mechanisms discussed in the literature, it then traces back the grammaticalization process of kanmarad, a process that is not very advanced in the closely related Mauritian Creole (MC). In accordance with Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020), the evolution of kanmarad in SC can be considered to be an instance of accelerated functionalization which the authors consider to be typical of creole languages. Ultimately, the study’s findings are discussed in light of two complementary hypotheses that try to explain the acceleration of functionalization: the Extra-Transparency Hypothesis (Haspelmath & Michaelis 2017) and the Distinction during Codification Hypothesis which I suggest for SC. Both are considered to be possible factors favoring an ordinary language-internal grammaticalization process.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Possible Motivations For the Grammaticalization Of Kanmaradmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Motivations For the Grammaticalization Of Kanmaradmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grammaticalization in Seychelles Creole: the coding of reciprocity by kanmarad

Kriegel

2021

isogloss

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Language history on fast forward: Innovations in heritage languages and diachronic change

Kupisch

Polinsky

2021

Bilingualism

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There has been a substantial amount of research on heritage language acquisition and diachronic change. Although recent work has increasingly pointed to parallels between those two areas, it remains unclear how systematic these are. In this paper, we provide a bird's eye view, illustrating how patterns of diachronic change are mirrored in heritage language grammars. In doing so, we focus on one of the best-described grammaticalization processes – namely, the formation of articles from demonstratives and numerals, reviewing studies on heritage varieties which mirror those processes. Based on this review, we make two main points: that change in heritage language can be predicted based on established diachronic scenarios, and that heritage languages often amplify incipient changes in the baseline. After discussing a number of attested changes in a bilingual context, we identify directions for future research in the domain of determiners in heritage languages.

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