2D MoS₂‐Based Nanomaterials for Therapeutic, Bioimaging, and Biosensing Applications

Abstract

The development of new materials has brought about a change in the world since the era of bronze and iron. The evolution of stainless steel, concrete, and silicon redefined new boundaries and made modern era possible. It would not be a hyperbole if the present age is termed as the age of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be categorized in various types based on their shape and structure such as 0D (quantum dots (QDs)), 1D (nanorods, nanotubes), 2D (nanosheets), and 3D (flower like, cubical etc.).Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a typical layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide, has received colossal interest in the past few years due to its unique structural, physicochemical, optical, and biological properties. While MoS 2 is mostly applied in traditional industries such as dry lubricants, intercalation agents, and negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, its 2D and 0D forms have led to diverse applications in sensing, catalysis, therapy, and imaging. Herein, a systematic overview of the progress that is made in the field of MoS 2 research with an emphasis on its different biomedical applications is presented. This article provides a general discussion on the basic structure and property of MoS 2 and gives a detailed description of its different morphologies that are synthesized so far, namely, nanosheets, nanotubes, and quantum dots along with synthesis strategies. The biomedical applications of MoS 2 -based nanocomposites are also described in detail and categorically, such as in varied therapeutic and diagnostic modalities like drug delivery, gene delivery, phototherapy, combined therapy, bioimaging, theranostics, and biosensing. Finally, a brief commentary on the current challenges and limitations being faced is provided, along with a discussion of some future perspectives for the overall improvement of MoS 2 -based nanocomposites as a potential nanomedicine. 2D MoS 2 -Based Nanomaterials www.advancedsciencenews.com

Tris‐Stabilized MoS2 Nanosheets with Robust Dispersibility and Facile Surface Functionalization

“…From bulk MoS 2 to MoS 2 nanosheets, the bandgap will increase to exhibit a stronger near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance intensity, thus making MoS 2 nanosheets as a potential NIR photothermal agent . To investigate the photothermal effects, we studied the photothermal property of Tris‐stabilized MoS 2 nanosheets under continuous irradiation with an 808 nm laser.…”

Phase‐Regulated Sensing Mechanism of MoS2 Based Nanohybrids toward Point‐of‐Care Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

“…For 2D layered MoS 2 , there are distinctly different properties from the monolayer to the bilayer, while the transition from two to three or more layers presents a much slighter difference. [ 55,56 ] And DFT simulation results are usually affected by the crystal point‐group, lattice parameters and plane of simulated materials, etc., while the layer number of MoS 2 is mostly related to the computation quantity, and less correlated with results. Here, 4 layers of 1T‐ and 2H‐MoS 2 were constructed to model the corresponding experimental materials.…”

Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Biocompatibility, Imaging Applications, and Thermal and Dynamic Therapy of Tumors

“…The sufficiently increasing of temperature in tumor site results in the irreversible cell damage and subsequent tumor regression . At present, the common PTAs with good photothermal conversion efficiency are usually based on pure organic or inorganic nanomaterials, such as gold nanomaterials (gold nanorods, nanoshells, and nanocages), MoS 2 boron dipyrromethene, and so on, but the biodegradation of inorganic nanomaterials and the toxicity of organic nanomaterials are usually serious problems.…”