2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management

Abstract

Major advances in cancer control can be greatly aided by early diagnosis and effective treatment in its pre-invasive state. Lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell) is a leading cause of cancer-related death among both men and women around the world. A lot of research attention has been attracted to diagnosing and treating lung cancer. A common method of lung cancer treatment is based on COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. This is because COX-2 is commonly over expressed in lung cancer and also the abundance of its enzymatic product Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Instead of using traditional COX-2 inhibitors to treat lung cancer, here, we report a new anti-cancer strategy recently developed for lung cancer treatment. It adopts more abundant omega-6 (ω-6)fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the daily diet and the commonly high levels of COX expressed in lung cancer to promote the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) through a new delta-5-desaturase (D5Di) inhibitor. The D5Di will not only limit the metabolic product, PGE2 but also promote the COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation to form 8-HOA, a novel anti-cancer free radical byproduct. Therefore, the measurement of the PGE2 and 8-HOA levels in cancer cells can be an effective method to treat lung cancer by providing in-time guidance. A novel sensor based on a newly developed functionalized nanomaterial, 2-dimensional nanosheets, Ti3C2 MXene, has proved to sensitively, selectively, precisely and effectively detect PGE2 and 8-HOA in A549 lung cancer cells. Due to the multilayered structure and extremely large surface area, metallic conductivity and easy and versatile in surface modification, Ti3C2 MXene-based sensor will be able to selectively adsorb different molecules through physical adsorption or electrostatic attraction, and lead to a measurable change in the conductivity of the material with high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent sensitivity.

Hydroxy Fatty Acids as Novel Markers for Authenticity Identification of the Honey Entomological Origin Based on the GC–MS Method

“…Yang et al showed that 8-HOcA can be used as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) to inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells and pancreatic cancer cells in a p53-dependent or independent manner by blocking the cell cycle in G1 and promoting cell apoptosis, which is an anticancer byproduct . Sadiq et al revealed that detecting the level of 8-HOcA in cancer cells can provide timely guidance for the treatment of lung cancer . The above research shows that 8-HOcA has good biological activity; however, studies on the mechanism of the difference in the content during honey brewing in different honey entomological origins have not been reported; therefore, the molecular mechanism of its production needs to be further investigated at the level of gene expression.…”

“…35 Sadiq et al revealed that detecting the level of 8-HOcA in cancer cells can provide timely guidance for the treatment of lung cancer. 36 The above research shows that 8-HOcA has good biological activity; however, studies on the mechanism of the difference in the content during honey brewing in different honey entomological origins have not been reported; therefore, the molecular mechanism of its production needs to be further investigated at the level of gene expression.…”

2D Nanomaterial, Ti3C2 MXene-Based Sensor to Guide Lung Cancer Therapy and Management

“…In our conference paper [50], we reported that the as-synthesized Ti 3 C 2 MXene-based nanosensor has effectively detected 8-HOA in cancer cells without and with using a D5D inhibitor. In that paper, we described more details about how the new sensor based on the two-dimensional nanomaterial Ti 3 C 2 MXene [51] can facilitate the lung diagnosis and treatment efficiently by using the new D5D inhibitor and 8-HOA therapy on lung cancer. The preliminary data indicate that this new sensor device can sensitively detect PGE 2 and 8-HOA levels in healthy and cancerous lung cells (BEAS2B and A549 respectively) with similar accuracy to GC-MS but much faster and in an in-time manner to guide the cancer treatment.…”