3-Dimensional reconstruction of fluorescent structures in tardigrades

Pfannkuchen, Martin; Brümmer, Franz; Schill, Ralph O.

doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2007.s1.158

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Eggs from five samples (Table 1) were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with a TCS SP2 AOBS Spectral Confocal Scanner (Leica) mounted on a DM IRE2 inverted fluorescence microscope (Leica). Images were obtained through the use of an HeNe laser (405 nm/1.2 mW), taking advantage of the chitin autofluorescence of the sclerified structures [36, 37], and enhanced using Confocal Software Lite, version 2.61 (Leica).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

et al. 2019

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For many years, Paramacrobiotus richtersi was reported to consist of populations with different chromosome numbers and reproductive modes. To clarify the relationships among different populations, the type locality of the species (Clare Island, Ireland) and several Italian localities were sampled. Populations were investigated with an integrated approach, using morphological (LM, CLSM, SEM), morphometric, karyological, and molecular (18S rRNA, cox1 genes) data. Paramacrobiotus richtersi was redescribed and a neotype designed from the Irish bisexual population. Animals of all populations had very similar qualitative and quantitative characters, apart from the absence of males and the presence of triploidy in some of them, whereas some differences were recorded in the egg shell. All populations examined had the same 18S haplotype, while 21 haplotypes were found in the cox1 gene. In four cases, those qualitative characters were correlated with clear molecular (cox1) differences (genetic distance 14.6–21.8%). The integrative approach, which considered the morphological differences in the eggs, the reproductive biology and the wide genetic distances among putative species, led to the description of four new species (Paramacrobiotus arduus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus celsus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus depressus sp. n., Paramacrobiotus spatialis sp. n.) and two Unconfirmed Candidate Species (UCS) within the P. richtersi complex. Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, the only ascertained parthenogenetic, triploid species, was redescribed and showed a wide distribution (Italy, Spain, Poland, Alaska), while the amphimictic species showed limited distributions. The difference in distribution between apomictic and amphimictic populations can be explained by the difference in the dispersal potentials associated with these two types of reproduction.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40851-018-0113-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

et al. 2019

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“…• M. longiungue Tumanov, 2006, reported from the type locality in the Himalayas (India) and China (Beasley & Miller 2007), by the presence of accessory points on primary branches, a lower pt of primary branches III Suzuki 2003, Schill at al. 2004, Suzuki 2006, Pfannkuchen et al 2007, Schill 2007, Schill & Steinbruck 2007, Hengherr et al 2008a, Hengherr et al 2008b, Jönsson et al 2008, Schill & Fritz 2008, Suzuki 2008, Takahashi et al 2008, Förster et al 2009, Hengherr et al 2009a, Hengherr et al 2009b, Neumann et al 2009, Reuner et al 2010a, Reuner et al 2010b, Schökraie et al 2010, Shcherbakov et al 2010, Förster et al 2011, Schökraie et al 2011, Wełnicz, et al 2011, Förster et al 2012 Material examined: Type series consisting of 96 specimens (population DE.001) and additional 93 specimens (15 from JP.010 population, 9 from population CH.002, and 69 from BG.058 population). See Table 1 and "Type repositories" below for details.…”

Section: Taxonomic Accountsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redescription of Milnesium alpigenum Ehrenberg, 1853 (Tardigrada: Apochela) and a description of Milnesium inceptum sp. nov., a tardigrade laboratory model

Morek

Suzuki

Schill

et al. 2019

Zootaxa

Self Cite

759

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Intra- and interspecific variability, being at the very core of alpha taxonomy, has been a long-standing topic of debate among tardigrade taxonomists. Early studies tended to assume that tardigrades exhibit wide intraspecific variation. However, with more careful morphological studies, especially those incorporating molecular tools that allow for an independent verification of species identifications based on phenotypic traits, we now recognise that ranges of tardigrade intraspecific variability are narrower, and that differences between species may be more subtle than previously assumed. The taxonomic history of the genus Milnesium, and more specifically that of the nominal species, M. tardigradum described by Doyère in 1840, is a good illustration of the evolution of views on intraspecific variability in tardigrades. The assumption of wide intraspecific variability in claw morphology led Marcus (1928) to synonymise two species with different claw configurations, M. alpigenum and M. quadrifidum, with M. tardigradum. Currently claw configuration is recognised as one of the key diagnostic traits in the genus Milnesium, and the two species suppressed by Marcus have recently been suggested to be valid. In this study, we clarify the taxonomic status of M. alpigenum, a species that for nearly a century was considered invalid. We redescribe M. alpigenum, using a population collected from the locus typicus, by the means of integrative taxonomy, i.e. including light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ontogenetic observations, and genetic barcoding. Moreover, the redescription of M. alpigenum allowed us to verify the uncertain taxonomic status of two popular laboratory models that were originally considered to be M. tardigradum; though one was recently reidentified as M. cf. alpigenum. Our analysis showed that both laboratory strains, despite being morphologically and morphometrically nearly identical to M. alpigenum, in fact represent a new species, M. inceptum sp. nov. The two species, being disnguishable only by statistical morphometry and/or DNA sequences, are the first example of pseudocryptic species in tardigrades.

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“…However, they focused on describing internal anatomy and did not examine the external plate structures. In , Pfannkuchen et al . used structured illumination autofluorescence microscopy with an ApoTome to three‐dimensionally examine the taxonomically important structures of eutardigrade buccopharyngeal apparatus and claws.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking at tardigrades in a new light: using epifluorescence to interpret structure

Perry

Miller

Lindsay

2014

Journal of Microscopy

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The use of epifluorescence microscopy coupled with ultraviolet (UV) autofluorescence is suggested as a means to view and interpret tardigrade structures. Endogenous fluorochromes are a known component of tardigrade cuticle, claws and bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. By imaging the autofluorescence from tardigrades, it is possible to document these structures in detail, including the subdivisions and boundaries of echiniscid (heterotardigrade) plates and the nature and spatial relationships of the texture (pores, granules, papillae and tubercles) on the various plates. This allows the determination of taxonomic features not easily seen with other microscopic techniques.

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3-Dimensional reconstruction of fluorescent structures in tardigrades

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

Redescription of Milnesium alpigenum Ehrenberg, 1853 (Tardigrada: Apochela) and a description of Milnesium inceptum sp. nov., a tardigrade laboratory model

Looking at tardigrades in a new light: using epifluorescence to interpret structure

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