3-Dimensional Submicron Polymerization of Acrylamide by Multiphoton Excitation of Xanthene Dyes

Campagnola, Paul J.; Delguidice, David M.; Epling, Gary A.; Hoffacker, Kurt D.; Howell, Amy R.; Pitts, Jonathan D.; Goodman, Steven L.

doi:10.1021/ma991042e

Cited by 98 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The fabrication solution used for the structure was the synthetic compound trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA, neat) (Sigma-Aldrich) in combination with the coinitiator triethanolamine (0.1M) (Sigma-Aldrich) and Rose Bengal (1 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich) as the photoactivator, where the photochemistry has been previously described. 51 The fabrication instrument consisted of an Axioskop 2 microscope (Zeiss), a homebuilt laser scanning system, 52 a 10 · objective (NA of 0.5), and 780 nm laser wavelength. LabVIEW software (National Instruments) was used to control the galvo mirrors in the laser scanning system to fabricate the hatched files generated for the 3D structure.…”

Section: Fabrication Based On Ecm Blueprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Developing Murine Heart: A Blueprint for Regeneration

Hanson

Jung

Tran

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the embryonic heart guides assembly and maturation of cardiac cell types and, thus, may serve as a useful template, or blueprint, for fabrication of scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Surprisingly, characterization of the ECM with cardiac development is scattered and fails to comprehensively reflect the spatiotemporal dynamics making it difficult to apply to tissue engineering efforts. The objective of this work was to define a blueprint of the spatiotemporal organization, localization, and relative amount of the four essential ECM proteins, collagen types I and IV (COLI, COLIV), elastin (ELN), and fibronectin (FN) in the left ventricle of the murine heart at embryonic stages E12.5, E14.5, and E16.5 and 2 days postnatal (P2). Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging identified fibrillar collagens at E14.5, with an increasing density over time. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to compare the spatial distribution, organization, and relative amounts of each ECM protein. COLIV was found throughout the developing heart, progressing in amount and organization from E12.5 to P2. The amount of COLI was greatest at E12.5 particularly within the epicardium. For all stages, FN was present in the epicardium, with highest levels at E12.5 and present in the myocardium and the endocardium at relatively constant levels at all time points. ELN remained relatively constant in appearance and amount throughout the developmental stages except for a transient increase at E16.5. Expression of ECM mRNA was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and allowed for comparison of amounts of ECM molecules at each time point. Generally, COLI and COLIII mRNA expression levels were comparatively high, while COLIV, laminin, and FN were expressed at intermediate levels throughout the time period studied. Interestingly, levels of ELN mRNA were relatively low at early time points (E12.5), but increased significantly by P2. Thus, we identified changes in the spatial and temporal localization of the primary ECM of the developing ventricle. This characterization can serve as a blueprint for fabrication techniques, which we illustrate by using multiphoton excitation photochemistry to create a synthetic scaffold based on COLIV organization at P2. Similarly, fabricated scaffolds generated using ECM components, could be utilized for ventricular repair.

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Section: Fabrication Based On Ecm Blueprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Developing Murine Heart: A Blueprint for Regeneration

Hanson

Jung

Tran

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…[7] Several studies demonstrated the fabrication of patterned polymeric structures in a ªgrafting-fromº approach using microcontact printing, [8±13] photolithography, [14] chemical lithography, [15] electron-beam lithography (EBL), [16] contact molding, [17] scanning probe lithography (SPL), [18±21] and two-photon photopolymerization. [22] Although significant progress has been made in the templated fabrication of polymer brushes, [23] preparation of precisely patterned, surface-attached polymeric micro-and nanostructures with controlled chain lengths, chemical functionalities, shapes, feature dimensions, and inter-feature spacings is still in the developmental stage. Herein we report a new ªtop±down/bottom±upº approach for fabricating patterned polymer-brush arrays on the micrometer and nanometer length scales.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Initiated Polymerization on Nanopatterns Fabricated by Electron‐Beam Lithography

et al. 2004

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“…This only contributes to the regeneration of the ground chromophore through back electron transfer [29]. It was universally reported that -abstraction from dimethylaminyl diethylaminyl or dibutylaminyl at substituted carbon generally predominated to the back electron transfer in the exciplex [14,16,17,18]. An immonium ion can even be generated as shown in Scheme 2 [30].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mechanism of photo induced polymerization excited by two-photon absorption

Hasegawa

Kawazu

et al. 2004

Sen-i Gakkaishi

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Three kinds of the two-photon chromophores are used to investigate the process of electron transfer between the initiator and the multifunctional acrylate monomer in two-photon-induced polymerization. Their molecular structures are simplified as D--d--D, D--D and D--a--D, where D is the strong donor terminal group, is a -conjugated core, d and a are the electron-donating and electron-accepting side group linked with the -conjugated core, respectively. We noticed that the emission of those chromophores is very sensitive to the solvent polarity. Additionally, the red-shift, structureless and long-lived emission was observed in the monomer. Correlated with quantum chemical calculation (MOPAC-PM5), we proposed a process of electron transfer in two-photon-induced polymerization (TPIP). Following the non-irradiation from the high excited state (S 2 ), intramolecular charge transfer (intra-CT) takes place from the terminal group to the core in the primary step, where intra-CT state is named as intra-exciplex. Then the rapid electron hopping from the ion radical core of the chromophore to the monomer was initiated. The electron transfer produces the ion radical pair, attributed to the photopolymerization. Therefore, the rate of two-photon-induced polymerization is determined by an equilibrium of electron transfer and back electron transfer between initiator and monomer to some extent in spite of the contribution of highly sensitivity in two-photon absorption to the number of the excited chromophore.

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3-Dimensional Submicron Polymerization of Acrylamide by Multiphoton Excitation of Xanthene Dyes

Cited by 98 publications

References 19 publications

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Developing Murine Heart: A Blueprint for Regeneration

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Developing Murine Heart: A Blueprint for Regeneration

Surface‐Initiated Polymerization on Nanopatterns Fabricated by Electron‐Beam Lithography

Investigation of mechanism of photo induced polymerization excited by two-photon absorption

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