3. Veterinary importance and integrated management of Brachycera flies in dairy farms

Baldacchino, Frédéric; Desquesnes, Marc; Duvallet, Gérard; Lysyk, Timothy J.; Mihok, Steve

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_3

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Diptera brachycera belonging to the families Tabanidae, Hyppoboscidae and Muscidae are pests capable of relevant economic losses to livestock (Baldacchino et al, 2018). While the first two families are biting flies, the females of Tabanidae and both sexes in the Hyppoboscidae family are blood feeders, and Muscidae adults rely on sugars from off-host sources or occasionally from secretions from host animals (Mullen & O'Connor, 2019).…”

Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensive use of insecticides for fly control has induced two main issues, the rapid development of insecticide resistance in fly populations and the negative impact on non-target insects such as dung beetles or pollinators (Baldacchino et al, 2018). Biopesticides based on dsRNA molecules are a promising alternative, though cases of practical applications in field conditions are still lacking.…”

Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to their role as vectors of pathogens, all these species cause discomfort and induce host‐defensive reactions in cattle with effects on animal growth rates (Maciel et al, 2015) and milk production (Taylor et al, 2012). Damage provoked by biting flies is obviously more pronounced; an accurate estimate of economic thresholds is therefore required (Baldacchino et al, 2018). While using biological control of flies with inundative release of Hymenoptera parasitoids represents an important sustainable alternative (Rutz & Patterson, 2021), the combination of chemical insecticides with the application of traps remains the most common means of controlling flies in animal farms (Cook, 2020; Malik et al, 2007; Trout Fryxell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Developing Delivery Systems For Dsrna In Animal Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immature development of Tabanidae and Muscidae larval instars is linked to the presence of abundant organic matter as an optimal biotope. While larvae of Tabanidae have generally a carnivorous diet and do not necessarily live in the vicinity of farms, larvae of the family Muscidae are saprofages and commonly develop in the farm preferring manure and straw bedding as pabulum (Baldacchino et al, 2018). A different life cycle is characteristic of Hyppoboscidae, whose females are larvivorous; larvae develop in the maternal uterus and are laid only when close to pupation (Mullen & O'Connor, 2019).…”

Section: Developing Delivery Systems For Dsrna In Animal Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms

Bonina,

Arpaia

2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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Pest management in farm animals is an important action to contain economic damage to livestock production and prevent transmission of severe diseases to the stock. The use of chemical insecticides is still the most common approach followed by farmers; however, avoiding possible toxic effects on animals is a fundamental task for pest control measures compatible with animal well‐being. Moreover, legal constraints and insurgence of resistance by target species to the available insecticidal compounds are increasingly complicating farmers' operations. Alternatives to chemical pesticides have been explored with some promising results in the area of biological control or the use of natural products as sprays. The application of RNA interference techniques has enabled the production of new means of pest control in agriculture, and it is opening a promising avenue for controlling arthropod pests of livestock. Transcript depletion of specific target genes of the recipient organisms is based on the action of double‐strand RNAs (dsRNA) capable of impairing the production of fundamental proteins. Their mode of action, based on the specific recognition of short genomic sequences, is expected to be highly selective towards non‐target organisms potentially exposed; in addition, there are physical and chemical barriers to dsRNA uptake by mammalian cells that render these products practically innocuous for higher animals. Summarising existing literature on gene silencing for main taxa of arthropod pests of livestock (Acarina, Diptera, Blattoidea), this review explores the perspectives of practical applications of dsRNA‐based pesticides against the main pests of farm animals. Knowledge gaps are summarised to stimulate additional research in this area.

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Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developing Delivery Systems For Dsrna In Animal Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developing Delivery Systems For Dsrna In Animal Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms

Bonina,

Arpaia

2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Flies are well known pathogen transporters, including potential zoonotic pathogens. Baldacchino, Desquesnes, Duvallet, Lysyk, and Mihok (2018) summarized:…”

Section: Other Flies (Diptera)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of insects for food and feed : scientific overview of the present knowledge on insect rearing, use of residual streams as substrates, and safety aspects

Hoek - van den Hil,

Antonis,

Brouwer

et al. 2022

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The landscape of fear in cattle farms? How the presence of barn swallow influences the activity of pest flies

Roseo,

Salvatori,

Brambilla

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Insectivorous birds are key suppliers of crucial ecosystem services, especially important for pest control in agricultural systems, and are globally decreasing at a fast rate. Among them, the declining barn swallow Hirundo rustica is particularly linked to cattle farms, where it is impacted by changes in livestock husbandry practices. The presence of swallows in cattle sheds might contribute to control insect pests, but such an effect had never been explored. With this work, we evaluated the potential control effect exerted by barn swallow on economically relevant pest insects, filth flies. To assess whether swallows inside the cattle sheds influence the activity rate of pest flies (especially Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans), we assessed the relative abundance of swallows and flies over 16 weeks in nine different cattle farms in Non valley (Trentino, North‐east Italy), either occupied or not by nesting swallows. From April 2022 to August 2022, we collected weekly data on the activity rate of flies by placing eight white spot cards inside each of nine cattle sheds and counting the deposition of faecal and regurgitation spots by flies. Simultaneously, we collected weekly data regarding swallow occurrence, brood size, number and age of chicks. We applied generalised linear mixed effect models on the activity rate of flies, with spot card and farm as nested random effects, to account for potential random variability between cards and farms. We then assessed through model selection the effect of number of cows, number of swallows, and temperature or week alternatively. Temperature and week were modelled also in interaction with the number of swallows. Fly activity rate followed a seasonal trend with a peak in July, which was markedly lower where swallows were present. Moreover, the positive relationship between flies and temperature was lessened when swallows were abundant. Synthesis and applications. Barn swallows are effective biological control agents for lowering pest fly activity in livestock farms. Farmers were actively involved in swallow conservation within their sheds, also with a shared memorandum‐of‐intent. Harnessing the ecosystem services supplied by farmland birds could bring positive outcomes for people and biodiversity.

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3. Veterinary importance and integrated management of Brachycera flies in dairy farms

Cited by 12 publications

References 198 publications

The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms

The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms

Use of insects for food and feed : scientific overview of the present knowledge on insect rearing, use of residual streams as substrates, and safety aspects

The landscape of fear in cattle farms? How the presence of barn swallow influences the activity of pest flies

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