36-year Follow-up on Scalp Reconstruction Using Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap, Skin Grafting, and Scalp Expansion

Abstract

Background: Immediate coverage of a large area of exposed skull is the first step in reconstructing a major scalp loss. In the 1970s, the free omental flap was used for scalp reconstruction, replacing removal of the external table and skin grafting only. Introduction of flaps and expanders has revolutionized reconstruction of major scalp losses. A free muscle flap is used to cover the exposed skull. Skin graft covers the muscle flap, and next, the expanded scalp is used to restore the scalp to its original shape. In certain cases, a hair transplant could help create a more natural hairline. Methods: In this case, in 1987, a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and skin grafting were used in a 27-year-old man with major scalp loss. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was harvested with its vascular pedicle intact. Left superficial temporal vessels were used as recipients. After complete healing of the free flap, scalp and forehead skin were expanded and used to restore the scalp to its preinjury shape. Results: Coverage of the exposed parietal skull with free latissimus dorsi muscle flap and skin graft was successful. Then, scalp tissue surrounding the defect and forehead skin were expanded and used to restore the scalp to its original shape. Conclusions: This 36-year follow-up in a patient who had major scalp reconstruction using free latissimus dorsi muscle and skin grafting followed by scalp and forehead expansion shows that this method provides an excellent and reliable long-term coverage for such an injury.