3D anatomical model for teaching canine lumbosacral epidural anesthesia

Abstract

To develop a 3D anatomical model for teaching canine epidural anesthesia (3DMEA) and to assess its efficacy for teaching and learning prior to the use of live animals. Methods: The creation of 3DMEA was based on 3D optical scanning and 3D printing of canine bone pieces of the fifth to the seventh lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and pelvis. A total of 20 male dogs were scheduled for castration. 20 veterinary students watched a video showing epidural anesthesia in dogs before the clinical attempt and were assigned to control or 3DMEA groups. Students in the 3DMEA group trained in the model after the video. For the clinical trial, the epidural procedure was performed by students under the veterinary supervision. When observed the absence of response to nociceptive stimuli, the epidural was considered successful. Then, all students answered a questionnaire evaluating the main difficulty founded in the technique and its degree of difficulty. Results: The 3DMEA group reported a lower degree of difficulty to perform the epidural anesthesia technique when compared with the control group (p=0.0037). The 3DMEA reproduced the anatomical structures, allowing the perception of the distance of needle in relation to the iliac prominences during epidural anesthesia. Its mobility allowed simulation of the animal in standing position and sternal recumbency. Conclusion: The use of 3DMEA demonstrated greater efficacy in the execution of the technique, being effective in the teaching and learning process before the epidural anesthesia in live animals.

At parmak iskeletinin 3B baskı ile modellenmesi

“…These kinds of 3D printing models are printed hollow. Researchers can fill inside of the model by themselves (8,11,13). The scanning was not applied superficially in this study.…”

“…3D printing models are easier to understand than 2D drawings or figures. In this case, the 3D printing model has become an important educational tool in anatomy, pathology, and surgery education (8,11,13,15).…”

3D printing of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic canine skulls and mandibles: a complement to traditional osteotechnique

“…The 3D synthetic anatomical model is a representation of an in natura bone and its respective sets of anatomical structures that compose it (NEVES et al, 2020;NUNEZ et al, 2020). However, precisely due to the fact that it is only a bony representation, it can be a limiting factor that impacts on the training of veterinary medicine students.…”

“…Even though 3D SAMCH represents only the cranial skeleton of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs, it could be used for the teaching-learning process of many other anatomical structures directly related to the breeds in question. In addition, the use of 3D anatomical models allows students to develop their spatial view, which will potentially impact their learning (NEVES et al, 2020).…”

“…In this field, it has already been used in orthopedic implants production (CASTILHO et al, 2014), clinical training (O 'REILLY et al, 2016, preclinical radiotherapy (MCCAROLL et al, 2015), surgical planning (KIM et al, 2018), and education. In this latter, it includes studies in anatomy (LI et al, 2018), clinic (LIMA et al, 2019), diagnostic imaging (NUNEZ et al, 2020), surgery (CARVALHO et al, 2019), and anesthesiology (NEVES et al, 2020). However, there are no studies that correlate the morphology of different types of skulls in dogs and their 3D printing as a tool for teaching-learning canine anatomy.…”