3D bloodstain pattern analysis: Ballistic reconstruction of the trajectories of blood drops and determination of the centres of origin of the bloodstains

Buck, Ursula; Kneubuehl, Beat P.; Näther, Silvio; Albertini, Nicola; Schmidt, L. H.; Thali, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.010

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Primjerice, kada kap pada okomito na podlogu razlije se jednako u svim smjerovima, s druge pak strane, manji kut padanja kapi uvjetuje izraženiju raspršenost kapi sa satelitima u smjeru suprotnom od smjera padanja kapi. Prskotine nastaju prskanjem uvis ili u stranu djelovanjem aktivne sile, primjerice zamahom zakrivljenim predmetom ili prskanjem pod pritiskom iz arterije 14,15 . Tragove nastale prijenosom krvi dodirom na drugi predmet nazivamo otisci ili brisotine 16,17 .…”

Section: Oblici Tragova Krviunclassified

Biological traces at the crime scene

et al. 2018

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Sažetak. Biološki tragovi koji se pronađu na mjestu nekog događaja su ljudskog, životinjskog i biljnog podrijetla. Većinom su ljudskog podrijetla -dlake, kosa, krv, sperma, slina, znoj i suze, ali i nokti, zubi i komadići kosti. U raspravi o biološkim tragovima razlikujemo nesporne uzorke i sporne tragove. Nesporne uzorke uzimamo od osumnjičenih, oštećenih i svih ostalih osoba koje su mogle doći u kontakt s tragovima ili predmetima na mjestu događaja, a služe za isključenje. Sporni tragovi su tragovi pronađeni na mjestu događaja, na predmetima ili osobama koje su povezane s mjestom događaja ili počinjenim kaznenim dijelom, a čiji su identitet i uloga u događaju poznati. Prilikom uzimanja bioloških tragova potrebno se pridržavati pravila antikontaminacije i sigurnosti rada s biološkim materijalom, uključujući i mjere samozaštite. Cilj je sudskomedicionskle obrade svih bioloških tragova osigurati dovoljnu količinu kvalitetnog DNK-a koji će se moći upotrijebiti u individualizaciji svakog pojedinog biološkog traga. Osim u tom analitičkom koraku kojim se iz traga nedvojbeno izvodi dokaz, biološki tragovi mogu se obraditi i nekim jednostavnijim, jeftinijim i manje pouzdanim metodama. U ovom preglednom članku obradili smo i sudskomedicinski značaj tragova sperme. Spermu najčešće analiziramo kod kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode i spolnog ćudoređa. Analiza kose i dlaka koristi se i za povezivanje počinitelja s mjestom događaja ili žrtvom i za razne toksikološke analize, a tragove sline koristimo i za određivanje krvne grupe.Ključne riječi: biološki trag; DNK analiza; profiliranje Abstract. Biological traces found at the crime scene are of human, animal and plant origin. Among them the most commonly present are of human origin -hair, blood, sperm, saliva, sweat and tears, but also nails, teeth and bone bits. When considering biological traces as evidence, we distinguish incontestable and debatable traces. Incontestable samples are taken from suspects, alive victims and from all other people that may have been in contact with the traces or objects at the crime scene. Debatable traces are found at the scene of events, on objects or people associated with the venue or criminal offence, whose identity and role in the event is known. When taking biological traces, it is necessary to comply with the anti-contamination and safety rules regarding handling with biological material, including self-protection measures. The goal of processing biological traces that are usable as court evidence is to provide a sufficient amount of DNA, which can be used in the individualization of each biological trace. However, in addition to this analytical step by which evidence is undoubtedly drawn from the trace, biological traces can be treated with some simpler, cheaper and less reliable methods. In this review article, we also discussed the judicial significance of sperm traces. Sperm is often analyzed for crimes impinging on sexual freedom. Hair samples can be used for toxicological analysis and to connect perpetrators to an event or vict...

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Section: Oblici Tragova Krviunclassified

Biological traces at the crime scene

et al. 2018

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“…For instance, [43] mentions that -The mass of the blood drop can be estimated approximately by the diameter (width of the bloodstain) and the density of blood.‖…”

Section: Physical Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buck et al [43] reconstructed drop trajectories using ballistic calculations, considering gravity and drag forces.…”

Section: (B) (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

Attinger

Moore

Donaldson

et al. 2013

Forensic Science International

157

139

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This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses. Keywordsbloodstain pattern analysis, review, dimensionless number, drop generation, trajectory, impact, stain Disciplines Laboratory and Basic Science Research | Other Mechanical EngineeringComments NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Forensic Science International. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forensic Science International, [231, 1-3, (2013) Abstract: This comparative review highlights the relationships between the disciplines of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in forensics and that of fluid dynamics (FD) in the physical sciences. In both the BPA and FD communities, scientists study the motion and phase change of a liquid in contact with air, or with other liquids or solids. Five aspects of BPA related to FD are discussed: the physical forces driving the motion of blood as a fluid; the generation of the drops; their flight in the air; their impact on solid or liquid surfaces; and the production of stains. For each of these topics, the relevant literature from the BPA community and from the FD community is reviewed. Comments are provided on opportunities for joint BPA and FD research, and on the development of novel FD-based tools and methods for BPA. Also, the use of dimensionless numbers is proposed to inform BPA analyses.

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“…Im Umkehrschluss wird so mit Hilfe verschiedener Gleichungen und geometrischer Rechenmodellen die Flugbahn eines Bluttropfens anhand seiner Abbildung an einem Gegenstand oder Untergrund rekonstruiert und die genaue ursprüngliche Position der Blutungsquelle bzw. des Opfers in einem Raum bestimmt [5]. Die Methode der Triangulation ist ein hierfür weitverbreitetes mathematisches Modell [6] Blutreste erkennbar (Abb.…”

Section: Einteilung Und Interpretation Von Blutspurenunclassified

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der forensischen Blutspurenmusterverteilungsanalyse

Kunz

Klawonn²,

Grove

2014

Wien Med Wochenschr

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Forensic bloodstain pattern analysis includes the detection, shape analysis, classification and interpretation of relevant traces of blood at a crime scene with the aim of reconstructing the sequences of the events that occurred. Mathematical calculation of impact and cast-off patterns are the center of the analytical reconstruction, when predicting the position of the source of blood stain at the moment of impact. Taking into consideration the limits of this method, it is possible to verify reconstructions of criminal acts and reconstruct a possible sequence of events that occurred. The present article is intended to give a brief introduction to various aspects of the forensic bloodstain pattern analysis as well as to point out the application possibilities and limitations of this forensic subdiscipline.

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3D bloodstain pattern analysis: Ballistic reconstruction of the trajectories of blood drops and determination of the centres of origin of the bloodstains

Cited by 65 publications

References 7 publications

Biological traces at the crime scene

Biological traces at the crime scene

Fluid dynamics topics in bloodstain pattern analysis: Comparative review and research opportunities

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der forensischen Blutspurenmusterverteilungsanalyse

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