3d Imaging of Individual Particles: a Review

Abstract

In recent years, impressive progress has been made in digital imaging and in particular in three dimensional visualisation and analysis of objects. This paper reviews the most recent literature on three dimensional imaging with a special attention to particulate systems analysis. After an introduction recalling some important concepts in spatial sampling and digital imaging, the paper reviews a series of techniques with a clear distinction between the surfometric and volumetric principles. The literature review is as broad as possible covering materials science as well as biology while keeping an eye on emerging technologies in optics and physics. The paper should be of interest to any scientist trying to picture particles in 3D with the best possible resolution for accurate size and shape estimation. Though several techniques are adequate for nanoscopic and microscopic particles, no special size limit has been considered while compiling the review.

Application the 3D Image Analysis Techniques for Assessment the Quality of Material Surface Layer before and after Laser Treatment

“…This imaging system is applied particularly in the issue when the complex spatial architecture of analyzing objects is impossible to correct quantitative description on a base of two dimensional images of its cross-section [16][17][18]. Proposed technique of analysis has its limitation, like requirement of an adequate difference of X-ray factor absorption between the object and the base material.…”

Electrospark Alloying of Carbon Steel with WC-Co-Al₂O₃: Deposition Technique and Coating Properties

“…It includes an image analysis based on micro-tomography (µCT) [7,8] which acquire data describing a surface layer and a deeper structure [9,10] and, further, advanced statistical analysis methods to identify necessary factors [11,12] and accompanying this phenomenon heat transfer [13] and creep [14]. Many theoretical investigations are still focused on the selection of appropriate parameters for planar and spatial description, as related to image analysis [15] and stereology [16][17][18]. Due to many interactions between these disciplines and mutually misunderstandings, Baddeley and Vedel Jensen have even prepared a special book combining statistical and stereological methods in one monograph [19].…”

Online 3D Characterization of Micrometer‐Sized Cuboidal Particles in Suspension

“…[3][4][5] To describe both size and shape, at least two characteristic lengths are needed, which can be obtained through a number of 2D or 3D characterization techniques. [6][7][8][9] Such (offline and online) techniques, including micro-computed tomography (µCT), [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] holography, [18][19][20] structural light, [21] machine vision, [13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] confocal microscopy, [32] and surface imaging [33] have varying degrees of accuracy and complexity. Machine vision through image analysis (IA) has become an increasingly powerful tool, due to experimental simplicity, hardware improvements, and continual increases in available computational power.…”