3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip

No, Da Yoon; Lee, Kwang Ho; Lee, Jaeseo; Lee, Sang Hoon

doi:10.1039/c5lc00611b

Cited by 165 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…[90] A San Diego-based biotech company called Organovo tried to bioprint microliver tissues for in vitro drug testing, trying to bridge the gap between the animal studies and clinical trial. However, so far the bioprinted microliver tissue lacks the physiologic microstructure of the native liver tissue, and functional validation of the bioprinted products is still ongoing.…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

Gao

Huang

Schilling

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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About 15 years ago, bioprinting was coined as one of the ultimate solutions to engineer vascularized tissues, which was impossible to accomplish using the conventional tissue fabrication approaches. With the advances of 3D‐printing technology during the past decades, one may expect 3D bioprinting being developed as much as 3D printing. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The printing principles of bioprinting are dramatically different from those applied in industrialized 3D printing, as they have to take the living components into account. While the conventional 3D‐printing technologies are actually applied for biological or biomedical applications, true 3D bioprinting involving direct printing of cells and other biological substances for tissue reconstruction is still in its infancy. In this progress report, the current status of bioprinting in academia and industry is subjectively evaluated. The progress made is acknowledged, and the existing bottlenecks in bioprinting are discussed. Recent breakthroughs from a variety of associated fields, including mechanical engineering, robotic engineering, computing engineering, chemistry, material science, cellular biology, molecular biology, system control, and medicine may overcome some of these current bottlenecks. For this to happen, a convergence of these areas into a systemic research area “3D bioprinting” is needed to develop bioprinting as a viable approach for creating fully functional organs for standard clinical diagnosis and treatment including transplantation.

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Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

Gao

Huang

Schilling

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Liver is responsible for drug bioactivation, drug clearance, and production of reactive metabolites that can interact with other downstream organs [56,57,58]. During these processes, liver is also susceptible to drug-induced injury.…”

Section: Ooc Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-on-a-chip for assessing environmental toxicants

Cho

Yoon

2017

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

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Man-made xenobiotics, whose potential toxicological effects are not fully understood, are oversaturating the already-contaminated environment. Due to the rate of toxicant accumulation, unmanaged disposal, and unknown adverse effects to the environment and the human population, there is a crucial need to screen for environmental toxicants. Animal models and in vitro models are ineffective models in predicting in vivo responses due to inter-species difference and/or lack of physiologically-relevant 3D tissue environment. Such conventional screening assays possess limitations that prevent dynamic understanding of toxicants and their metabolites produced in the human body. Organ-on-a-chip systems can recapitulate in vivo like environment and subsequently in vivo like responses generating a realistic mock-up of human organs of interest, which can potentially provide human physiology-relevant models for studying environmental toxicology. Feasibility, tunability, and low-maintenance features of organ-on-chips can also make possible to construct an interconnected network of multiple-organs-on-chip towards a realistic human-on-a-chip system. Such interconnected organ-on-a-chip network can be efficiently utilized for toxicological studies by enabling the study of metabolism, collective response, and fate of toxicants through its journey in the human body. Further advancements can address the challenges of this technology, which potentiates high predictive power for environmental toxicology studies.

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“…Therefore, the emergence of 3DP enables the possibility to produce an optimal survival environment for hepatocytes. In recent years, the concept of a liver-on-a-chip has received significant attention 45 . New drugs sometimes fail in clinical trials because of hepatotoxicity, which is not predicted by animal models.…”

Section: Applications Of 3dp In Hepatic Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional printing: review of application in medicine and hepatic surgery

Yao

Mao

et al. 2016

Cancer Biology & Medicine

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) is a rapid prototyping technology that has gained increasing recognition in many different fields. Inherent accuracy and low-cost property enable applicability of 3DP in many areas, such as manufacturing, aerospace, medical, and industrial design. Recently, 3DP has gained considerable attention in the medical field. The image data can be quickly turned into physical objects by using 3DP technology. These objects are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. The shortage of cadaver specimens is a major problem in medical education. However, this concern has been solved with the emergence of 3DP model. Custom-made items can be produced by using 3DP technology. This innovation allows 3DP use in preoperative planning and surgical training. Learning is difficult among medical students because of the complex anatomical structures of the liver. Thus, 3D visualization is a useful tool in anatomy teaching and hepatic surgical training. However, conventional models do not capture haptic qualities. 3DP can produce highly accurate and complex physical models. Many types of human or animal differentiated cells can be printed successfully with the development of 3D bio-printing technology. This progress represents a valuable breakthrough that exhibits many potential uses, such as research on drug metabolism or liver disease mechanism. This technology can also be used to solve shortage of organs for transplant in the future.

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3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip

Cited by 165 publications

References 145 publications

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

Organ Bioprinting: Are We There Yet?

Organ-on-a-chip for assessing environmental toxicants

Three-dimensional printing: review of application in medicine and hepatic surgery

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