3D microstructure of supercritical fluid extrudates I: Melt rheology and microstructure formation

3D Microstructure of supercritical fluid extrudates. II: Cell anisotropy and the mechanical properties

“…Full experimental details for SCFX extrudates production were described in our previous paper (Cho & Rizvi, 2009). Whey protein added starch-based SCFX extrudates were produced using a Wenger TX-57 twin screw extruder (Wenger Manufacturing, Sabetha, KS) for 2D and 3D image analysis, and mechanical property measurement.…”

“…As described in our previous paper, SCFX extrudates were scanned using a desktop X-ray microtomography imaging system (Model 1072, 20-100 kV/0-250 u, SkyScan, Belgium) set at 40 kV/ 100 lA (Cho & Rizvi, 2009). A microtomographic scan was performed by rotating the specimen at small angular increments.…”

“…The void fraction (Vf) was calculated by dividing total cell volume (TCV) by total volume (TV). The 3D average cell diameter, 3D cell wall thickness, and 3D cell number density were obtained using three different approaches and compared with the data obtained by manual 3D morphology analysis from our previous paper (Cho & Rizvi, 2009). …”

“…In our previous paper, the effects of supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) process conditions and formulations on the melt rheology, as well as the expansion characteristics and 3D microstructure formation of SCFX extrudates were described (Cho & Rizvi, 2009). In this study, the mechanical properties of SCFX extrudates are presented in relation to their microstructure because the quality attributes of expanded foods are often judged from their texture (Peleg, 1997).…”

Nondestructive Imaging of Cellular Solid Foods

“…Cell wall thickness increased from (0.04-0.07) to (0.09-0.27 mm) by increasing amount of water feed from 23 to 27 % which further increased hardness ). Cho and Rizvi (2009) used supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) technology for pregelatinized corn-starch-based extrudates supplemented with WPI (0,3,6,12,and 18 %). A desktop XMT (Model 1072, 20-100 kV/0-250 µA, SkyScan, Belgium) used to analyse microstructure by setting the voltage 40 kV and resolution 100 µA.…”