3D Wideband Non-Stationary Geometry-Based Stochastic Models for Non-Isotropic MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels

Abstract

Actual vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel measurements have shown that the wide-sense stationary (WSS) modeling assumption is valid only for very short time intervals. This fact motivates us to develop non-WSS V2V channel models. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) theoretical non-WSS regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (RS-GBSM) and the corresponding sum-of-sinusoids (SoS) simulation model for non-isotropic scattering wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) V2V fading channels. The movements of the transmitter (Tx), scatterers, and receiver (Rx) result in the time-varying angles of departure (AoDs) and angles of arrival (AoAs) that make our models non-stationary. The proposed RSGBSMs, combining line-of-sight (LoS) components, a two-sphere model, and multiple confocal elliptic-cylinder models, have the ability to study the impacts of vehicular traffic density (VTD) and non-stationarity on channel statistics, and jointly consider the azimuth and elevation angles by using the von Mises Fisher (VMF) distribution. The proposed RS-GBSMs are sufficiently generic and adaptable to model various V2V scenarios. Based on the proposed 3D non-WSS RS-GBSMs, important local channel statistical properties are derived and thoroughly investigated. The impacts of VTD and non-stationarity on these channel statistical properties are investigated by comparing them with those of the corresponding WSS model. The proposed non-WSS RS-GBSMs are validated by measurements in terms of the channel stationary time. Finally, numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the 3D non-WSS model is more practical to characterize real V2V channels.Index Terms-vehicle-to-vehicle wideband channels, nonstationary, 3D MIMO channel models, non-isotropic, local statistical properties.

A Novel Simulation Model for Nonstationary Rice Fading Channels

“…The generated channel phase, fading envelope, and Doppler frequency within 2 s are given in Figure 2. For comparison purpose, the corresponding output results of the simulators in [10,11,13,14] and the theoretical Doppler frequency are also given in the figure. It shows that the output phases of two kinds of simulators are different, which results in the difference of channel envelopes.…”

“…There are a number of research papers on designing accurate and efficient simulators [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For the good fitting with plan-wave propagation channels, the sum-of-sinusoids (SoS) [1,2] or sum-ofcisoids (SoC) [3] based simulators and their derivatives [4][5][6][7][8] have gained the most widespread acceptance.…”

“…However, measurement campaigns have proved that the WSS assumption is only valid for a short time interval [20]. Therefore, several modified SoC-based simulators were proposed in [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to generate nonstationary fading channels. For example, the WINNER+ model [9] was simulated by generating several independent channel segments with different simulation parameters.…”

“…For example, the WINNER+ model [9] was simulated by generating several independent channel segments with different simulation parameters. Simulation parameters were updated according to the fixed trajectories of transceivers and clusters in [10,11,13,14], which improves the continuity of adjacent channel states.…”

Statistical Characterization of Novel 3D Cluster-Based MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Models for Urban Street Scattering Environments

“…Channel modeling is expected to shed light on the real physical attenuation by investigating the channel characteristics, which is critical for developing information-enabled applications to improve traffic safety and mobility [3]. In V2V communication channels, both the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) may be in motion and lower than scatterers on surrounding buildings, which is different from conventional fixed-to-mobile (F2M) cellular systems.…”