3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 2: Basal Forebrain

Hoch, M.; Bruno, Mary; Faustin, Arline; Cruz, Nelson; Mogilner, Alon Y.; Crandall, Laura A.; Wısnıewskı, Thomas; Devinsky, Orrin; Shepherd, Timothy M.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a6088

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The thalamus is a complex hub receiving subcortical sensory and motor input that projects to both the cortex and striatum. Thalamic lesions can cause chronic pain, sensory loss, amnesia, dystonia and other disorders [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)—pictorial review

et al. 2020

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The basal ganglia and thalami are paired deep grey matter structures with extensive metabolic activity that renders them susceptible to injury by various diseases. Most pathological processes lead to bilateral lesions, which may be symmetric or asymmetric, frequently showing characteristic patterns on imaging studies. In this comprehensive pictorial review, the most common and/or typical genetic, acquired metabolic/toxic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular and neoplastic pathologies affecting the central grey matter are subdivided according to the preferential location of the lesions: in the basal ganglia, in the thalami or both. The characteristic imaging findings are described with emphasis on the differential diagnosis and clinical context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)—pictorial review

et al. 2020

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“…Notable achievements have been made recently for the MRI visualization of the structures of the basal brain in normal material ex vivo (Hoch et al., 2019 ). We do not have knowledge of previous authors reporting differences of tissue signals in the region of the SI in MRI in vivo or anatomical analysis that could have eventual importance for the recognition of grey structures except may be for the low signal of the pallidum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior perforated substance (APS) revisited: Commented anatomical and imagenological views

Fontana,

Mazzucco,

Lescano

2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionSince 2002, when we published our article about the anterior perforated substance (APS), the knowledge about the region has grown enormously.ObjectiveTo make a better description of the anatomy of the zone with new dissection material added to the previous, to sustain the anatomical analysis of the MRI employing the SPACE sequence, interacting with our imagenology colleagues. Especially, we aim to identify and topographically localize by MRI the principal structures in APS–substantia innominata (SI).MethodThe presentation follows various steps: (1) location and boundaries of the zone and its neighboring areas; (2) schematic description of the region with simple outlines; (3) cursory revision of the SI and its three systems; (4) serial images of the dissections of the zone and its vessels, illustrated and completed when possible, by MRI images of a voluntary experimental subject (ES).ResultsWith this method, we could expose most of the structures of the region anatomically and imagenologically.DiscussionThe zone can be approached for dissection with magnification and the habitual microsurgical instruments with satisfactory results. We think that fibers in this region should be followed by other anatomical methods in addition to tractography. The principal structures of ventral striopallidum and extended amygdala (EA) can be identified with the SPACE sequence. The amygdala and the basal ganglion of Meynert (BGM) are easily confused because of their similar signal. Anatomical clues can orient the clinician about the different clusters of the BGM in MRI.ConclusionsThe dissection requires a previous knowledge of the zone and a good amount of patience. The APS is a little space where concentrate essential vessels for the telencephalon, “en passage” or perforating, and neural structures of relevant functional import. From anatomical and MRI points of view, both neural and vascular structures follow a harmonious and topographically describable plan. The SPACE MRI sequence has proved to be a useful tool for identifying different structures in this area as the striatopallidal and EA. Anatomical knowledge of the fibers helps in the search of clusters of the basal ganglion.

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“…Several studies have delineated the subcortical structures in humans using high-resolution in vivo MRI with multiple image contrasts or ex vivo spin echo (SE) T2W MRI with histological stains (Abosch et al, 2010;Deistung et al, 2013a;Deistung et al, 2013b;Ewert et al, 2018;Hoch et al, 2019a;Hoch et al, 2019b;Keuken et al, 2014;Lenglet et al, 2012;Pauli et al, 2018;Rijkers et al, 2007). In contrast, only a few studies have performed the detailed mapping of subcortical regions using combined MRI and histology in the marmoset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal anatomical mapping of subcortical regions in Marmoset monkeys using high-resolution MRI and matched histology with multiple stains

Saleem

Avram

Yen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Subcortical nuclei and other deep brain structures play essential roles in regulating the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, many of these nuclei and their subregions are challenging to identify and delineate in conventional MRI due to their small size, hidden location, and often subtle contrasts compared to neighboring regions. To address these limitations, we scanned the whole brain of the marmoset monkeys in ex vivo using a clinically feasible diffusion MRI method, called the mean apparent propagator (MAP)-MRI, along with T2W and MTR (T1-like contrast) images acquired at 7 Tesla. Additionally, we registered these multimodal MRI volumes to the high-resolution images of matched whole-brain histology sections with seven different stains obtained from the same brain specimens. At high spatial resolution, the microstructural parameters and fiber orientation distribution functions derived with MAP-MRI can distinguish the subregions of many subcortical and deep brain structures, including fiber tracts of different sizes and orientations. The good correlation with multiple but distinct histological stains from the same brain serves as a thorough validation of the structures identified with MAP-MRI and other MRI parameters. Moreover, the anatomical details of deep brain structures found in the volumes of MAP-MRI parameters are not visible in conventional T1W or T2W images. The high-resolution mapping using novel MRI contrasts, combined and correlated with histology, can elucidate structures that were previously invisible radiologically. Thus, this multimodal approach offers a roadmap toward identifying salient brain areas in vivo in future neuroradiological studies. It also provides a useful anatomical standard reference for the region definition of subcortical targets and the generation of a 3D digital template atlas for the marmoset brain research (Saleem et al., 2023). Additionally, we conducted a cross-species comparison between marmoset and macaque monkeys using results from our previous studies (Saleem et al., 2021). We found that the two species had distinct patterns of iron distribution in subregions of the basal ganglia, red nucleus, and deep cerebellar nuclei, confirmed with T2W MRI and histology.

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3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 2: Basal Forebrain

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)—pictorial review

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)—pictorial review

The anterior perforated substance (APS) revisited: Commented anatomical and imagenological views

Multimodal anatomical mapping of subcortical regions in Marmoset monkeys using high-resolution MRI and matched histology with multiple stains

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