4‐Acetoxystyrene nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization: Comparison with styrene

Cho, Andrew S.; Wang, Lin; Dowuona, Emmanuel; Zhou, Hongying; Nguyen, SonBinh T.; Broadbelt, Linda J.

doi:10.1002/app.31641

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The simulation results agreed well with experimental data, which provided the confidence in the developed model, and thus it can be used to fully exploit the potential of these polymerization processes. Cho et al developed a model based on the method of moments to estimate the rate parameters for the reversible nitroxide uncoupling/coupling reactions, thermal initiation, and termination …”

Section: Batch Polymerization Rate and Average Chain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art and Progress in Method of Moments for the Model‐Based Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Zhou

Luo

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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polymerization (FRP). However, because of the slow initiation, rapid propagation, and termination involving many different chain lengths, FRP is difficult to control over the polymer architectures and the minimum dispersity of the molar mass distribution is 2. [4,5] What's exciting is that controlled radical polymerization (also termed as reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP)) was discovered about two decades ago. [6,7] In most of RDRP systems, the initiation or degeneratively exchange is fast, propagation is relatively slow, and termination is suppressed per present chain, referring to the dominance of dormant chains in the final mixture. As a result, polymerization proceeds in a controlled manner, allowing one to prepare various well-defined block copolymers, stars, bottlebrushes, and hybrid materials. [6] Therefore, RDRP has attracted increasing interest from both academic and industrial fields. [8][9][10] Facing the increasing demand on high qualified and tailor-made polymeric materials, despite the technological promise, there are only limited products and investigations based on RDRP techniques at industrial scale. This can be attributed to the limited commercial RDRP agents Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have received lots of interest for the past 20 years, not only owing to their simple, mild reaction conditions and broad applicability, but also their accessibility to produce polymeric materials with well-defined structures. Modeling is widely applied to optimize the polymerization conditions and processes. In addition, there are numerous literatures on the kinetic and reactor models for RDRP processes, which show the accessibility on polymerization kinetics insight, process optimization, and controlling over chain microstructure with predetermined molecular weight and low dispersity, copolymer composition distribution, and sequence distribution. This review highlights the facility of the method of moments in the modeling field and presents a summary of the present state-of-the-art and future perspectives focusing on the model-based RDRP processes based on the method of moments. Summary on the current status and challenges is discussed briefly.in large quantities at reasonable costs and the extra cost of the polymer purification processes. [10] From the view point of chemical engineering, the productivity and quality of the polymer products, as well as the polymer chain composition and chain topology, are largely influenced by the engineering problems, such as micromixing, residence time distribution of reactor, mass and heat transfers. It normally takes a long time to obtain an optimized operation condition and products only through practices. The ongoing paradigm of polymerization processes begins to shift from process design and operation by experiments and empirical methods to one by the combination of experiments and mathematical models. [11,12] In order to speed up the industrialization of RDRP techniques, the polymerization engineers can take advant...

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Section: Batch Polymerization Rate and Average Chain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art and Progress in Method of Moments for the Model‐Based Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Zhou

Luo

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…Controlled/“living” radical polymerizations are simulated in a straightforward application of the GSSA, often yielding great insight into the results of experimental studies. Mechanisms studied by GSSA include nitroxide‐mediated,93–98 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with varying initiator functionality,99, 100 copolymerization by ATRP,84, 101 length‐dependent termination rates in ATRP,102 the cross reaction between dithioester and alkoxyamine used in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT),103 and RAFT polymerization of methyl acrylate mediated by cumyldithiobenzoate 104. Because the activation/deactivation processes involved in reversible termination type controlled polymerizations are typically much faster than the other reaction channels, these processes occur predominantly and can increase computation time significantly relative to free‐radical polymerization.…”

Section: Computer Simulation Approaches For Polymerization In Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Computer Simulation of Bulk, Confined, and Surface‐initiated Polymerizations

Bain

Turgman‐Cohen

Genzer

2012

Macro Theory & Simulations

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In this article we provide a brief summary of computational techniques applied to investigate polymerization reactions in general, with a focus on systems under confinement and initiated from surfaces. We concentrate on two major classes of techniques, i.e., stochastic methods and molecular modeling. We describe the major principles of the two classes of methodologies and point out their strengths and weaknesses. We review a variety of studies from the literature and conclude with an outlook of these two classes of computer simulation approaches as they are applied to “grafting from” polymerizations.

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Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Poly(4‐acetoxystyrene) Cubosomes

Schumacher,

Foith,

Trömer

et al. 2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Polymer cubosomes (PCs) are a recent class of self‐assembled nanostructures with great application potential due to their high porosity and surface area. Currently, most reported PCs consist of polystyrene block copolymers (BCPs), for which self‐assembly parameters are rather well understood. Changing the block chemistry would be desirable to introduce more functionality; however, knowledge of adapting the self‐assembly process to new chemistries remains limited. This work, reports on synthesizing poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(4‐acetoxystyrene) and its copolymers with styrene, and provide conditions for their self‐assembly into PCs with high yield and high inner order. It is shown that the polarity of the starting solvent toward the corona block allows tuning of the final morphology by controlling the corona volume and packing parameter.

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4‐Acetoxystyrene nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization: Comparison with styrene

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

State‐of‐the‐Art and Progress in Method of Moments for the Model‐Based Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization

State‐of‐the‐Art and Progress in Method of Moments for the Model‐Based Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Progress in Computer Simulation of Bulk, Confined, and Surface‐initiated Polymerizations

Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Poly(4‐acetoxystyrene) Cubosomes

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