4-D Seismic Monitoring of Injected CO2 Enhances Geological Interpretation, Reservoir Simulation, and Production Operations

Burnison, Shaughn; Bosshart, Nicholas W.; Salako, Olarinre; Reed, S.; Hamling, John A.; Gorecki, Charles D.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1539

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…The majority of these works fall into three main categories: seismic inversion (Queißer and Singh 2013, Delepine et al 2011, Raknes et al 2015, Evensen and Landrø 2010, Chadwick et al 2010, Rabben and Ursin 2011, flow models/simulation (Bickle et al 2007, Kometa et al 2014, Chadwick and Noy 2009, Singh et al 2010, Boait et al 2012, Cavanagh 2013, Cavanagh and Hazeldine 2014, and seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization (Arts et al 2004, Eiken et al 2011, Williams and Chadwick 2012, Furre and Eiken 2014. Among these, 4D seismic monitoring plays a pivotal role in providing valuable insights into subsurface reservoir behavior and the injection and storage of CO2 (Burnison et al 2017, Pangestu et al 2023. 4D seismic monitoring involves acquiring multiple seismic surveys over time, allowing the observation and analysis of changes in the subsurface structure and fluid distribution (Li, and Li 2021;Maurya and Singh, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing 4D seismic inversion based on Linear Programming techniques for CO2 monitoring at the Sleipner field CCS site in the North Sea, Norway

Singh,

Maurya,

Kant

et al. 2024

Acta Geophys.

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The critical task of overseeing and validating the storage and confinement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in geological formations or designated repositories, particularly within the framework of carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives, involves the meticulous process of CO2 sequestration monitoring. In this study, a seismic inversion method incorporating linear programming sparse spike inversion (LPSSI) was employed to observe and analyze the CO2 plume in the Sleipner field, Norway. The foundational dataset includes 3D post-stack seismic data from the year 1994, with special emphasis on the monitoring data collected in 1999, following four years of CO2 sequestration. The initial stage involved the equalization of data to guarantee the consistency of seismic traces, particularly beyond the reservoir zone. This was crucial, considering the primary focus on detecting changes in reservoir properties over time. The analysis utilized synthetic data to investigate alterations in seismic amplitude, highlighting that amplitude variations were more prominent compared to variations in velocity and density. Through the cross-equalization process, it was observed that the initial data repeatability was low, indicated by a normalized root mean square (NRMS) value of 0.6508. However, significant improvement was achieved, bringing the NRMS value to a more satisfactory level of 0.5581. This improvement underscored the alignment of features both above and below the reservoir, underscoring the efficacy of the cross-equalization technique. The outcomes of the 4D inversion provided insights into the distribution of CO2 within the reservoir, revealing upward migration. Importantly, the results confirmed the secure storage of CO2 within the reservoir, affirming the integrity of the overlying cap layer. The study offers valuable contributions to understanding reservoir dynamics during production, thereby enhancing our capacity to optimize CO2 storage and implement safe reservoir management practices.Keywords carbon capture and storage (CCS), 4-D inversion, cross-equalization, normalized root mean square (NRMS), seismic data analysis

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