4 Verb Second and Finiteness Morphology in Norwegian Heritage Language of the American Midwest

Eide, Kristin Melum; Hjelde, Arnstein

doi:10.1163/9789004290211_005

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It can be noted that attrition, in the present case and under the present analysis, does not really involve loss but instead arises from difficulties in accessing the relevant grammatical structure (Seton and Schmid 2016, 345). 57 Furthermore, note that the proposal made here bears some resemblance to what Eide and Hjelde (2015) propose for the (occasional) lack of V2 in a case study of an AmNo speaker.…”

Section: Distribution Of the Indefinite Article And Resemblance With supporting

confidence: 58%

“…The research questions addressed are the following: First, in syntactic environments where English and EurNo differ in terms of using bare nouns versus nouns with an indefinite article, which patterns are preferred by AmNo speakers? Previous studies of AmNo have observed syntactic variation and change both in the verbal and nominal domain (e.g., Eide and Hjelde 2015;Larsson and Johannessen 2015;Westergaard and Andersen 2015;Riksem 2017;, but to date, the distribution of bare nouns versus nouns with an indefinite article has not been systematically investigated. An interesting comparative backdrop is formed by Hasselmo's (1974) and Heegård Petersen's (2018) observations from American Swedish and American Danish, which indicate some English-like use of articles in these varieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns

Kinn

2020

J Comp German Linguistics

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This study investigates the extent to which speakers of American Norwegian (AmNo), a heritage language spoken in the United States and Canada, use the indefinite article in classifying predicate constructions ('He is (a) doctor'). Despite intense contact with English, which uses the indefinite article, most AmNo speakers have retained bare nouns, i.e., the pattern of Norwegian as spoken in Norway. However, a minority of the speakers use the indefinite article to some extent. I argue that generally, this use of the indefinite article has arisen through attrition (i.e., a change during the lifetime of individuals), not through divergent attainment causing systematic, parametric change in the Norwegian grammar of these speakers. I also argue that representational economy is one of the factors that may have contributed to the relative stability of bare nouns.

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Section: Distribution Of the Indefinite Article And Resemblance With supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns

Kinn

2020

J Comp German Linguistics

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“…For Heritage Norwegian, Eide & Hjelde (2015) point out a clear difference between the word order found in subject-and non-subject-initial declaratives. They investigated spontaneous production of one elderly speaker, who frequently violated V2 in the latter clause type (62%), as illustrated in (24), while consistently producing V-Neg/Adv word order in the former clause type, as shown in (25).…”

Section: V2 In Heritage Languagesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As adults, heritage speakers are typically dominant in the majority language, which means that studying heritage languages could reveal what linguistic properties are vulnerable in a situation with reduced input and use. Germanic V2 languages have also been studied as heritage languages spoken in North America, e.g., Heritage Danish (Kühl & Heegård Petersen 2018); Heritage Norwegian (Johannessen 2015;Eide & Hjelde 2015;Westergaard & Lohndal 2019) or Heritage Icelandic (Arnbjörnsdóttir;Thráinsson & Nowenstein 2018). These speakers are highly dominant in English, and it is expected that V2 in declaratives might be affected by the non-V2 word order of the majority language.…”

Section: V2 In Heritage Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The asymmetric nature of V2: Evidence from learner languages

Westergaard¹,

Lohndal²,

Αλεξιαδου³

2019

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner

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In the fi eld of Germanic linguistics, there has been a long-standing debate as to the question of how to analyze sentences with verb second (V2) word order. In particular, the question has been whether or not subject-initial and non-subject-initial main clause declaratives should receive the same structural analysis. Here we review this debate and provide new evidence from learner languages involving Norwegian. This evidence, we argue, supports an analysis whereby subject-initial main clauses are derived differently than non-subject-initial clauses. We outline this analysis and discuss some consequences. (1) Norwegian Jon spiste ost. (subject-initial declarative) Jon ate cheese 'John ate cheese.' (2) Norwegian Ost spiste Jon. (non-subject-initial declarative) Cheese ate Jon 'Cheese, John ate.'

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“…Benmamoun et al (2013:148) angiver at syntaks, herunder ledstilling, ikke er så sårbart som fx bøjningsmorfologi over for en tilegnelse der mere eller mindre afbrydes hos arvesprogstalere i form af reduceret input. Flere studier af ledstilling blandt arvesprogstalere med skandinaviske og islandske rødder tyder dog på at det er et felt der udviser stor variation (se fx Flodell 1996;Kühl 2014;Arnbjörnsdóttir 2015;Eide & Hjelde 2015;Larsson & Johannessen 2015a;2015b).…”

Section: Dansk-argentinerne Som Arvesprogstalere Og Dansk I Argentinaunclassified

Ledstilling i ledsætninger i dansk som arvesprog i Argentina. Et foreløbigt studium

Hartling¹

2016

nfg

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This paper presents a case study of word order variation in subordinate clauses (henceforth 'subclauses') in Heritage Danish in Argentina. In European Danish, the placement of the sentence adverbial traditionally distinguishes so-called main clause word order (conj>S>Vfin>Adv) and subclause word order (conj>S>Adv>Vfin). The paper shows that this normative distinction still holds in more than half of the subclauses in Heritage Danish in Argentina, and, except for the relative clauses, to an even higher degree than in colloquial European Danish. Hence, the word order distribution in Heritage Danish also differs from Heritage Norwegian and Swedish where word order in subclauses has become optional due to incomplete acquisition of the heritage language.

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4 Verb Second and Finiteness Morphology in Norwegian Heritage Language of the American Midwest

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns

Stability and attrition in American Norwegian nominals: a view from predicate nouns

The asymmetric nature of V2: Evidence from learner languages

Ledstilling i ledsætninger i dansk som arvesprog i Argentina. Et foreløbigt studium

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