4D Printed Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers with Reversible Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect

Liu, Siyuan; Li, Zhen; Mei, Shuxiang; Chen, Xiaoyin; Ding, Bowen; Zhang, Yuancheng; Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Xiaomeng; Cui, Zhe; Fu, Peizhen; Pang, Xinchang

doi:10.1002/admt.202202066

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This approach, based on using homopolymer with broad melting region, tunable based on the polymer precursor, is thus promising in the field of 3D printing of two-way SMPs, i.e. 4D printing, for reversible and selfstanding actuators, which are currently being explored with many various approaches [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Comparison Between the Stress-driven And The Stress-free Two...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the stress-free two-way shape memory effect in sol–gel crosslinked poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based semicrystalline networks

Inverardi,

Toselli,

Messori

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Two-way shape memory polymers are stimulus-responsive materials capable of changing their shape between two configurations based on an on/off thermal stimulus. While the traditional effect has been studied under the application of an external mechanical load, it was demonstrated also in the absence of an external load. Such a response only relies on a carefully tailored macromolecular architecture of the polymer combined with a specific thermo-mechanical protocol. In particular, semicrystalline networks, either consisting of a multi-phase copolymer network or a homopolymer based network with broad phase transitions, have been proposed to this aim under ad-hoc thermo-mechanical histories. In this work, the two-way shape memory behaviour is studied on a poly(ε-caprolactone)-based network, crosslinked by means of a sol-gel approach and tailored on the selection of the molecular weight of the precursor polymer. Changing the prepolymer precursor allowed to tune the melting/crystallization regions of the networks, thus the thermal region of the reversible shape memory effect. The application of properly designed thermo-mechanical cycles allowed to study the two-way shape memory effect without the application of an external load under tensile conditions. Given a specific network, the stress-free actuation of the reversible elongation-contraction cycle under tensile conditions was induced across its specific melting/crystallization region. The extent of the effect was found to depend on the crystalline fraction remaining for the given actuation temperature and on the tensile stretched state imposed on the materials during the training step.The results were compared with the response achieved under the traditional two-way shape memory protocol under stress. The stress-free two-way shape memory effect was also successfully demonstrated and emphasized, under flexural conditions, which suggests the potential of these materials as intrinsically reversible actuators, promising for applications in the biomedical field and/or for soft robotics. 

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Section: Comparison Between the Stress-driven And The Stress-free Two...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the stress-free two-way shape memory effect in sol–gel crosslinked poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based semicrystalline networks

Inverardi,

Toselli,

Messori

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…Thus, studies have been conducted to prepare polyamide elastomers using PA1212 and PEA as the reaction segment. [28][29][30] Furthermore, TPAE products such as VES-TAMID E by Evonik Germany and UBESAT XPA by UBE Japan, also use PEAs and long-chain PA12 as constituents. Some studies have been devoted to the development of biobased polyamide elastomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyetheramine‐Type Semi‐Biobased Long‐Chain Polyamide 1210 Elastomer: Synthesis, Structure, and Unique Thermal Behavior

Chen,

Gong,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Macro Materials & Eng

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Biobased thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) have received increasing attention in both academia and industry. Here, a series of semi‐biobased long‐chain TPAEs are successfully synthesized via one‐step melt polymerization, employing polyamide 1210 (PA1210) and polyetheramines (PEAs) as hard and soft segments, respectively. The prepared TPAEs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, energy dissipation capabilities, low density, good damping, high resilience, and low melting temperature. More interestingly, the properties of the TPAEs can be customized by adjusting the content and molecular weight of PEA. By varying the molecular weights of the PEAs, two different thermal behaviors can be observed in the prepared TPAEs. Specifically, PEA with low molecular weight has good compatibility with PA1210, leading to an increase in the conformation of the crystalline region and a significant decrease in melting temperature. Meanwhile, high molecular weight PEA causes strong phase separation with PA1210, leading to limited crystalline regions and inadequate physical cross‐linking, further resulting in suboptimal mechanical properties. This work provides new insights into the design and preparation of PEA‐type biobased long‐chain TPAEs.

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Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications

Wan,

Xiao,

Tian

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Four‐dimensional (4D) printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D‐printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling the geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements on 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D‐printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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4D Printed Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers with Reversible Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Tailoring the stress-free two-way shape memory effect in sol–gel crosslinked poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based semicrystalline networks

Tailoring the stress-free two-way shape memory effect in sol–gel crosslinked poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based semicrystalline networks

Polyetheramine‐Type Semi‐Biobased Long‐Chain Polyamide 1210 Elastomer: Synthesis, Structure, and Unique Thermal Behavior

Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications

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