50 Gb/s PAM4 underwater wireless optical communication systems across the water–air–water interface [Invited]

Li, Chung-Yi; Lu, Haifei; Huang, Yong-Cheng; Huang, Qi-Ping; Xie, Jing-Yan; Tsai, Song-En

doi:10.3788/col201917.100004

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It shows a WDM-PAM4 OWC system using an 8-wavelength system as a demonstration; each wavelength carries a 50-Gb/s PAM4 signal data stream (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). The scenario differences between this research and our previous research 16 are illustrated in Table 1 . Clearly, a UWLT system through the turbid water–air–turbid water link has a lot of room for improvement when considering the incorporation of FSO communication with the UWLT system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A UWLT system passes through the water–air–water interface is more practical and can resolve the problem that the oceanic engineering is currently encountering. Our previous research showed a 50-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) UWLT system passing through a turbid water–air–turbid water link 16 . However, it is just a UWLT system passing through the turbid water–air–turbid water link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water–air–piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water–air–turbid water link is successfully constructed. Incorporating PAM4 modulation with an 8-wavelength WDM scheme greatly increases the total transmission rate of the WDM-PAM4 OWC system to 400 Gb/s (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). By adopting doublet lenses in free-space transmission, a laser beam reducer/expander and a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an angle expander through the water–air–water link, good bit error rate performance and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are obtained. Using a reflective SLM with an angle expander not only adaptively adjusts the laser beam, but also effectively solves the oceanic engineering problems. This demonstrates WDM-PAM4 OWC system outperforms existing OWC systems through the free-space transmission with an air–water–air link because it can solve the practical engineering problems in actual oceanic environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Traditional direct modulation faces the problems of low data transmission rate, nonlinear effect and chirp effect in the modulation process. Although, Li et al designed a high speed direct modulation UWOC systems using secondary optical injection and optoelectronic feedback method which obtained 50Gb/s, the communication system power consumption is high and system link is too complicated to apply [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and research of high speed underwater RoFSO link

Zhou

Ding²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Thirteenth International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2022)

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This paper designs and analysis a high speed underwater radio over free space optical (RoFSO) communication link for underwater wireless optical communication application, which mainly consist of 1064nm light source, modulator, periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) frequency doubling crystal, optical transceiver antenna and detector. The PPLN frequency doubling crystal is applied to generate 532nm light wave signals with high speed modulation format based on second harmonic generation theory, when a high speed modulated 1064 nm continuous-wave laser signal is inputted. The communication performance of transmitting BPSK modulation format signal of the underwater RoFSO is investigated in Gamma-Gamma ocean turbulence fading channel distribution. The expression of bit error rate (BER) and average outage probability are derived and the results of both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are obtained by Matlab software in ocean turbulence. The results of numerical simulations show that the communication performance of underwater RoFSO is better than the common OOK direct modulation UWOC system.

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“…Thirdly, OWC can provide high transmission rate at relatively low cost. These appealing features make OWC one promising technology for communication across the W2A interface [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

et al. 2021

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In this paper, we establish a water-to-air (W2A) visible light communication (VLC) link using green light emitting diode (LED), and investigate the coverage characteristics of the designed W2A-VLC link under calm and wavy water conditions. By transmitting a high-frequency sinusoid signal, we extract the variation of link gain. Based on the received signals of an experimental W2A-VLC system, we obtain the real link gains at different receiver points and analyze the channel temporal properties in good link conditions (called link "on" state). It is seen that the mean channel gain under wavy water surface condition can be larger than that under calm water surface condition, especially when the transmitter and receiver are not perfectly aligned, due to the random spatial modulation effect of wavy water surface. Moreover, the "on" state duration and interval can be well fitted by a shifted exponential distribution and a shifted lognormal distribution, respectively. Bit error rate (BER) results reveal the effect of expanded link gain variation under wavy water surface condition. This work provides significant guidance for future works on the communication protocol design and related performance analysis.

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50 Gb/s PAM4 underwater wireless optical communication systems across the water–air–water interface [Invited]

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

Design and research of high speed underwater RoFSO link

Preliminary Characterization of Coverage for Water-to-Air Visible Light Communication Through Wavy Water Surface

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