57% wallplug efficiency oxide-confined 850 nm wavelengthGaAs VCSELs

Jäger, R.; Grabherr, M.; Jung, Christian; Michalzik, Rainer; Reiner, G.; Weigl, Bernhard H.; Ebeling, Karl Joachim

doi:10.1049/el:19970193

Cited by 164 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…VCSELs transforming electrical energy into optical energy with an efficiency of 57% have been reported (Jäger et al, 1997). Such high efficiencies are all the more significant for the fact that all the emitted optical energy can be photosynthetically active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is surprising, as LDs can convert electrical energy into virtually monochromatic (narrowband) optical radiation with an efficiency exceeding 50%, considerably better in both respects than light emitting diodes (LEDs) (Jäger et al, 1997;Lear et al, 1995). LDs emitting light at infra-red wavelengths that are known to be highly growth-stimulating for certain phototrophs are already commercially available at optical powers of several Watts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lasers—an effective artificial source of radiation for the cultivation of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

Bertling

Hurse

Kappler

et al. 2006

Biotech & Bioengineering

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The laser diode (LD) is a unique light source that can efficiently produce all radiant energy within the narrow wavelength range used most effectively by a photosynthetic microorganism. We have investigated the use of a single type of LD for the cultivation of the well-studied anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus (Rb. capsulatus). An array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) was driven with a current of 25 mA, and delivered radiation at 860 nm with 0.4 nm linewidth. The emitted light was found to be a suitable source of radiant energy for the cultivation of Rb. capsulatus. The dependence of growth rate on incident irradiance was quantified. Despite the unusual nearly monochromatic light source used in these experiments, no significant changes in the pigment composition and in the distribution of bacteriochlorophyll between LHII and LHI-RC were detected in bacterial cells transferred from incandescent light to laser light. We were also able to show that to achieve a given growth rate in a light-limited culture, the VCSEL required only 30% of the electricity needed by an incandescent bulb, which is of great significance for the potential use of laser-devices in biotechnological applications and photobioreactor construction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers—an effective artificial source of radiation for the cultivation of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

Bertling

Hurse

Kappler

et al. 2006

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…A power conversion efficiency of 57% has also been demonstrated. 64) Some optical links have already become commercially available. The price of low-skew multimode fiber ribbons may be a key issue for realizing inexpensive multimode fiber-based data links.…”

Section: Nm Gainas/gaas Vcsel On Gaas Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Iga

2008

jjap

219

112

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The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is becoming a key device in high-speed optical local-area networks (LANs) and even wide-area networks (WANs). This device is also enabling ultraparallel data transfer in equipment and computer systems. In this paper, we will review its physics and the progress of technology covering the spectral band from the infrared to the ultraviolet, by featuring materials, fabrication technology, and performances such as threshold, output power, polarization, modulation and reliability. Lastly, we will touch on its future prospects.

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“…3,8) The invention of oxide-confined VCSELs 9) made great impacts for low thresholds and high power-conversion efficiencies of over 50%. [10][11][12][13] The standard wavelength of commercial VCSELs has been 850 nm. A lot of efforts on long wavelength VCSELs in 1300 and 1550 nm VCSELs have been made for longer link lengths in single-mode fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and new functions of VCSEL photonics

Koyama

2014

OPT REV

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A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) was born in Japan. The 37 years' research and developments opened up various applications including datacom, sensors, optical interconnects, spectroscopy, optical storages, printers, laser displays, laser radar, atomic clock and high power sources. A lot of unique features have been already proven, such as low power consumption, a wafer level testing and so on. The market of VCSELs has been growing up rapidly and they are now key devices in local area networks based on multi-mode optical fibers. Optical interconnections in data centers and supercomputers are attracting much interest. In this paper, the advances on VCSEL photonics will be reviewed. We present the high-speed modulation of VCSELs based on a coupled cavity structure. For further increase in transmission capacity per fiber, the wavelength engineering of VCSEL arrays is discussed, which includes the wavelength stabilization and wavelength tuning based on a micro-machined cantilever structure. We also address a lateral integration platform and new functions, including high-resolution beam scanner, vortex beam creation and large-port free space wavelength selective switch with a Bragg reflector waveguide.

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57% wallplug efficiency oxide-confined 850 nm wavelengthGaAs VCSELs

Cited by 164 publications

References 12 publications

Lasers—an effective artificial source of radiation for the cultivation of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

Lasers—an effective artificial source of radiation for the cultivation of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution

Advances and new functions of VCSEL photonics

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