5G microstrip patch antenna and microwave dielectric properties of 4 mol%LiF–MgO–xwt%MTiO3 (M = Ca, Sr) composite ceramics

Zhu, Shengkai; Huang, Zhichao; Lou, Weichao; Song, Kaixin; Khesro, Amir; Hussain, Fayaz; Tan, Zhenyu; Liu, Xiang; Mao, Minmin; Xue, Lingui; Xu, Ping; Lin, Huixing; Wang, Dawei

doi:10.1007/s10854-021-06826-1

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…where 𝜖 a is the permittivity of the air, 𝜖 d is the permittivity of the composite medium substrate. For the horizontal and vertical polarization, the fill factor of the dielectric cylinder is denoted by f = (r/a) 2 , where r is radius of the cylinder and a is the lattice constant.…”

Section: Novel Photonic Crystal Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 ] Using ceramics for 5G applications is possible due to their combination of low and high dielectric constants. [ 2 ] High‐gain and broadband antennas are becoming more and more important in wireless communication systems. [ 3 ] The antenna's physical dimensions, radiation output, efficiency, and bandwidth are all governed by the substrate's permittivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C‐Band, X‐Band and Ku Band Applications

Mercy,

Wilson

2023

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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The latest developments in communication systems require an economical, light‐weight, compact size, and excellent performance in microstrip patch antennas in order to meet the requirements of the upcoming implementation. The optical, electrical, and physical properties of different materials have an impact on the design of antennas. An innovative composite photonic crystal microstrip patch antenna with outstanding gain has been developed. For composites of fumed silica embedded in RT‐Duroid dielectric material, the effective permittivity is calculated using the Maxwell‐Garnett model. The performance of composite antennas for different volume fractions and various dielectric substrate thicknesses is studied. The resonance frequencies of composites also shift from the X‐band to the C‐band with an increase in volume concentration, which is suitable for wireless communication systems. This investigation provides a perspective on how composite substrates can represent a communication revolution by providing an alternative to substrates that are readily accessible commercially in situations when the material qualities are insufficient. The photonic crystal composite antenna records the highest gain of 13.89 dB with the coverage of C‐band, X‐band, and Ku‐band, whereas the composite antenna reaches the best gain of 10 dB with the coverage of C‐band and X‐band.

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Section: Novel Photonic Crystal Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C‐Band, X‐Band and Ku Band Applications

Mercy,

Wilson

2023

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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“…The precision required to manufacture these antennas cannot be overstated: a difference of one millimeter can mean the difference between optimal performance and poor network performance. This precision requires not only advanced manufacturing techniques, but also an environment that minimizes the potential for error [4,8]. In addition, the quality control measures required to ensure each antenna meets the stringent standards of 5G require thoroughness and attention to detail.…”

Section: Introduction 1research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

An,

Ngayo,

Hong

2024

Systems

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This study used a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework as the primary analytical tool to explore the burgeoning capabilities of blockchain technology in the area of 5G ceramic antenna development. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis is used to further clarify the complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms, and the impact of blockchain on the design, production, and deployment phases of ceramic antennas, which play a pivotal role in the development of 5G communications, is studied. We found that blockchain’s unique features, including its immutable ledger and decentralized architecture, have the potential to significantly improve the transparency, security, and efficiency of the ceramic antenna manufacturing process. Technology (T), organization (O), and environment (E) were used as the top factors, and the subfactors of TOE were selected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by CLD. The AHP analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of various internal and external factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology. The integration of the TOE framework with AHP and CLD provides a comprehensive analytical tool that enhances the understanding of the complex dynamics in the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing process. This methodological approach not only clarifies the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors but also facilitates strategic decision-making through a structured evaluation of these factors. The AHP analysis showed that technical factors are the most important in the TOE analysis of 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing, with a weight of 0.427, which indicates the important role of technical factors in the development of ceramic antenna production. In addition, environmental and organizational factors were given weights of 0.302 and 0.271, respectively, confirming the importance of technological innovation and internal process optimization. In the subfactor of Technology (T), ‘Blockchain Technology’ has the highest ranking among the subfactors, with a global weight value of 0.129, emphasizing the importance of blockchain technology. This study explored the technical and organizational complexities of introducing blockchain technology into the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing industry and, through an in-depth investigation of the potential benefits of such integration, it aims to propose new approaches to improve quality control and manufacturing efficiency. The research findings aim to contribute to the sustainable growth of the telecommunications industry by providing strategic recommendations for the application of blockchain technology in the production of 5G ceramic antennas.

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Design optimization for improving the performance of rectangular antennas using polyimide (PI) and liquid crystal (LC) polymers substrates

Ziani,

Belkheir,

Rouissat

et al. 2023

Polym. Bull.

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5G microstrip patch antenna and microwave dielectric properties of 4 mol%LiF–MgO–xwt%MTiO3 (M = Ca, Sr) composite ceramics

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C‐Band, X‐Band and Ku Band Applications

Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C‐Band, X‐Band and Ku Band Applications

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

Design optimization for improving the performance of rectangular antennas using polyimide (PI) and liquid crystal (LC) polymers substrates

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