5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization

Wirtz, Marco; Kivilip, Lukas; Remmen, Peter; Müller, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114158

Cited by 143 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[2]. Wirtz et al [3] discern even the fifth generation of DH following the fourth one. The creation of a group substation for connecting low-temperature DH subnetworks to an urban high-temperature network was described as a part of the energy and environmental modeling [4] and within Volkova's methodology for evaluating the transition process dynamics towards fourth generation DH networks [5].…”

Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Чичерин

Mašatin²,

Siirde

et al. 2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this paper was to evaluate heat loss and the demand of district heating (DH) in the context of the fourth generation DH concept using a data-driven approach. The heat loss profile was calculated with GIS Zulu© (software (8.0.0.7539, Politerm, LLC, St.Petersburg, Russia) using eight various states of insulation, detailed information on thermal conductivity, internal heat transfer coefficient, and geometry of the concrete trench. There is a strong correlation between the heat sold and the average annual outdoor temperatures. The outstanding episodes are extremely rare, and the difference in the overall pattern is elusive. The results of the annual heat production and annual heat loss analyses were compared using three different estimation methods. The new method was the only one that showed a positive effect after the complete modernization of thermal insulation. The actual proportion of heat loss is much higher at 16%, while the actual heat delivery is less than anticipated at 85–86% only. The trend of the normative approach is correct but cannot determine changes in network heat loss due to aging. The method focuses on the effects of the state of insulation and actual supply temperature levels. The transition to smart energy systems includes strategic and progressive energy planning, as well as new pricing rules and tariffs. Thus, the method presented is the first step in the transition towards the fourth generation DH networks.

show abstract

Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Чичерин

Mašatin²,

Siirde

et al. 2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then, cooled water from the evaporator is evacuated to a cold pipe. Conversely, chillers utilize water from the cold pipe and remove heated water to a warm pipe [55]. Furthermore, the system is facilitated with seasonal heat storage.…”

Section: District Heating Generationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the Baltic Sea Region, concerning various aspects of DH systems. The review presents the energy sources with particular attention to renewable energy sources (RES), district heating generations, and the exploitation problems of DH systems. The essential point is a comparison of traditional maintenance systems versus SAM solutions for optimal design, operating conditions, and controlling of the DH networks. The main conclusions regarding DH systems in Baltic Sea countries are commitment towards a transition to 4th generation DH, raising the quality and efficiency of heat supply systems, and simultaneously minimizing the costs. The overall trends show that applied technologies aim to increase the share of renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, examples presented in this review underline the importance of the implementation of a smart asset management concept to modern DH systems.

show abstract

“…The supply temperature of the primary side is assumed 150°C, the return temperature 70°C. For covering the heating demands in the buildings, a SH system with supply temperature of 95°C with a return temperature of 70°C is assumed the same with Wirtz et al [15]. The operation of the system was studied for the period from the 1st of January to 31st of December 2020.…”

Section: Materialsandmethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulated operation of a 4GDH in Ref. [15] highlights the need for advanced design techniques. The reason is high interaction of all system components, which makes the decision-making process more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifying DHW heat demand profiles according to operational data: enhancing quality of a DH system model

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For a DH network a meticulous analysis is required to detect a correlation of a reduction in energy demand from one year to another. The factors, which lead to such inconsistency, force an energy company (1) to modernize equipment at a consumer side and (2) to lower network operating temperatures. It results into so called fourth generation district heating (4GDH). The current research focuses on large-scale DH systems and DHW as second largest share of heat demand. The heat delays, thermal inertia and DHW consumption patterns are specified further since they might represent a natural heating accumulator. In this case, daily flow changes are considered, as they influence a DH system performance and desirable TES capacity. However, more precise profiles can be achieved by detecting the actual flow curve, and measuring the temperature difference between substation supply and return line. The dimensioning of DH systems requires comprehensive understanding of simultaneity factors. Thus, we consider substations with DHW preparation to choose the optimal size of the heat distribution network according to the new method. Case study is a DH system in Omsk, which includes residential houses (both SH and DHW coverage), and university buildings (more demand results from process heat). The operation of the system was studied for the period from the 1st of January to 31st of December 2020. We suggest a TES with a capacity of 0.04 MWh; based on the traditional temperature range, the volume is about 0.5 m3. Daily compensation time is 2-3 hours, when there is a reduction in the supply flow rate of 1500 t/h with minimum DH plant make-up. The entire DH system requires about 400 t of hot water make-up to reach the quasi-steady state conditions after the night DHW shutdown. Using the threshold of the traditional model, it hardly fits an operational value - it is better set according to novel method (0.1 MW). For similar relations between circulation and DHW flow rates, the systems with a HE result in higher circulating flows than the substations with no one. The consumer benefit from consuming DHW and heat according to more accurate profiles accounts 1.72 billion USD. It is quantified by considering avoiding using a back-up electricity source to ensure DHW service when a DH plant supplies enough heat. Moreover, if a TES is controlled according to the method detailed, it alleviates the stress for intermittent operation by compensating the transients of SH and DHW loads. 4GDH concept should be considered according to: (1) the operational data, (2) new DHW demand assessments, and (3) using TES to buffer peaks.

show abstract

5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization

Cited by 143 publications

References 39 publications

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

Specifying DHW heat demand profiles according to operational data: enhancing quality of a DH system model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About