60-GHz 64- and 256-Elements Wafer-Scale Phased-Array Transmitters Using Full-Reticle and Subreticle Stitching Techniques

Zihir, Samet; Gurbuz, Ozan Dogan; Kar‐Roy, A.; Raman, Sanjay; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2016.2623948

Cited by 147 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The length of transmission line is proportional to the IC size but exact value is determined by actual IC design. According to a 60GHz array design [56], phase shifter and Wilkinson RF splitter take most of the IC area. The intra-chip routing loss can be roughly estimated by taking into account the required area of those components.…”

Section: Rf Signal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Power Splitters and Combiners Loss: In the analog beamforming stage of SA and FH architectures, output signals of RF-chains need to be fed into phase shifter network for phase rotation. The Wilkinson power splitters are commonly used for such purpose [28], [29], [56]. Moreover, the fully-connected hybrid architecture uses same Wilkinson structure to combine multiple RF signals before power amplification.…”

Section: Rf Signal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is shown in the next subsection, a large hybrid array has more than 20dB insertion loss in the distribution route and in order to pre-compensate such loss immediately after up-conversion leads to a severe nonlinear distortion in RF signals. A practical design typically places amplifiers in a hierarchical manner along RF signal distribution route [56]. Besides, the gain compensation amplifiers need to be carefully designed and their power consumption cannot be overlooked.…”

Section: Rf Signal Amplification Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e. Specification of 28GHz LO and mixer are from [64] and 65nm CMOS fabrication is used. f. Specification is estimated from figure in [56]. 0.18µm BiCMOS is used for fabrication.…”

Section: E Summary Of Specifications Of Circuits Blocks For Transmitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-Offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures

Han

Ramesh

Gallagher

et al. 2019

IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag.

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Millimeter wave (mmW) communications is viewed as the key enabler of 5G cellular networks due to vast spectrum availability that could boost peak rate and capacity. Due to increased propagation loss in mmW band, transceivers with massive antenna array are required to meet link budget, but their power consumption and cost become limiting factors for commercial systems. Radio designs based on hybrid digital and analog array architectures and the usage of radio frequency (RF) signal processing via phase shifters have emerged as potential solutions to improve radio energy efficiency and deliver performances close to conventional digital antenna arrays. In this paper, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art mmW massive antenna array designs and comparison among three array architectures, namely digital array, partially-connected hybrid array (sub-array), and fully-connected hybrid array. The comparison of performance, power, and area for these three architectures is performed for three representative 5G downlink use cases, which cover a range of pre-beamforming signal-to-noise-ratios (SNR) and multiplexing regimes. This is the first study to comprehensively model and quantitatively analyze all design aspects and criteria including: 1) optimal linear precoder, 2) impact of quantization error in digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and phase shifters, 3) RF signal distribution network, 4) power and area estimation based on state-of-theart mmW circuits including baseband digital precoding, digital signal distribution network, high-speed DACs, oscillators and mixers, phase shifters, RF signal distribution network, and power amplifiers. Our simulation results show that the fully-digital array is the most power and area efficient compared against optimal design for each architecture. Our analysis shows digital array benefits greatly from multi-user multiplexing. The analysis also reveals that sub-array is limited by reduced beamforming gain due to array partitioning, and system bottleneck of the fullyconnected hybrid architecture is the excessively complicated and power hungry RF signal distribution network.

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Section: Rf Signal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rf Signal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rf Signal Amplification Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e. Specification of 28GHz LO and mixer are from [64] and 65nm CMOS fabrication is used. f. Specification is estimated from figure in [56]. 0.18µm BiCMOS is used for fabrication.…”

Section: E Summary Of Specifications Of Circuits Blocks For Transmitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-Offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures

Han

Ramesh

Gallagher

et al. 2019

IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phased arrays using a tunable phase shifter for each radiating element provide the highest flexibility for beam-steering. Several transceivers implementing this beamforming scheme were presented at 60 GHz and beyond, both for system-in-packages (SiPs) [3], [4] and on-wafer scale [5]. However, the numerous circuit blocks and the large power consumption make these systems complex and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wide-Angle Scanning Switched-Beam Antenna System in LTCC Technology With High Beam Crossing Levels for V-Band Communications

Manzillo

Smierzchálski

Coq

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Wide-angle coverage, fine angular resolution and low-power consumption are key characteristics of millimeterwave (mm-wave) short-range wireless systems, such as access points in fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks and automotive radars. In this paper, we present a 60-GHz switched-beam antenna system addressing all these requirements. It consists of two identical parallel-fed arrays of 8 slots, each fed by a passive pillbox beamformer. A switch network comprising four singlepole-multiple-throw (SPnT) switches excites one of the two arrays at a time and selects the radiated beam. The whole system is fully-integrated in a multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module. The antenna covers a scan range of about ±39 • in one plane using eleven beams, between 57 GHz and 66 GHz. The proposed architecture enables the simultaneous achievement of continuous coverage (beam crossover levels of about-3 dB) and of low sidelobe levels (SLLs). Dedicated numerical tools are used for a preliminary design of the antenna. The design procedure, the technological development and the experimental results are discussed in detail. Index Terms-switched-beam antenna, millimeter-wave antennas, 5G, 60-GHz communications, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC).

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Millimeter‐Wave Antenna Designs

Wang

2019

Wiley 5G Ref

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Driven by the ever‐increasing demand for higher user data rates and greater network capacity, the exploration of the millimeter‐wave (mmWave) spectrum is considered a promising technique in the upcoming fifth‐generation (5G) mobile communication systems. As one of the key components in 5G mmWave systems, antenna designs are facing enormous challenges and therefore attracting much research attention. Several mmWave antenna design parameters gain higher priorities, including bandwidth, gain, polarization, radiation direction, fabrication techniques, and profile, which need further investigation and concern in the design process. Important techniques and research interests are thus discussed in detail, including antenna elements, single‐beam and multibeam arrays, antennas for mobile terminals, and antenna‐in‐package solutions.

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60-GHz 64- and 256-Elements Wafer-Scale Phased-Array Transmitters Using Full-Reticle and Subreticle Stitching Techniques

Cited by 147 publications

References 38 publications

Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-Offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures

Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-Offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures

A Wide-Angle Scanning Switched-Beam Antenna System in LTCC Technology With High Beam Crossing Levels for V-Band Communications

Millimeter‐Wave Antenna Designs

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