6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities

Abstract

Mobile communications have been undergoing a generational change every ten years or so. However, the time difference between the so-called "G's" is also decreasing.While fifth-generation (5G) systems are becoming a commercial reality, there is already significant interest in systems beyond 5G, which we refer to as the sixth generation (6G) of wireless systems. In contrast to the already published papers on the topic, we take a top-down approach to 6G. More precisely, we present a holistic discussion of 6G systems beginning with lifestyle and societal changes driving the need for next-generation networks. This is followed by a discussion into the technical requirements needed to enable 6G applications, based on which we dissect key challenges and possibilities for practically realizable system solutions across all layers of the Open Systems Interconnection stack (i.e., from applications to the physical layer). Since many of the 6G applications

Future Smart Cities: Requirements, Emerging Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Aspects

“…The use cases of next-generation communication technology like high fidelity communication involving holographic and smart cities level high-speed communication were discussed w.r.t. their fulfillment by 6G, current challenges to 5G, and their solution promised by 6G are clearly explained in [44]. Figure 4 presents the transformation of 5G to 6G.…”

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Radio Resource Allocation and Management in Next Generation Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: A Survey

“…Existing wireless networks, such as the sub 6 GHz, suffers from a severe bandwidth shortage which is even exacerbated with the explosive increase in the user devices [6]. Fortunately, the mmWave and the emerging THz bands can considerably overcome this shortcoming by providing an extra 3.25 GHz and 10-100 GHz bandwidth, respectively [38]. It is also expected that modern wireless user devices will be equipped with advanced capabilities that enable them to aggregate all these three frequency bands, i.e., the sub 6GHz, mmWave, and THz, to support future disruptive technologies and services [39].…”

Redes 5G: una revisión desde las perspectivas de arquitectura, modelos de negocio, ciberseguridad y desarrollos de investigación

“…The standardization for 5G communication has been completed, and the 5G networks are already becoming a commercial reality (Tataria et al, 2021). Therefore, the research community is starting to talk about beyond 5G communications referred to as the sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks.…”

“…Also, 6G networks are expected to achieve the requirements of a fully connected world and provide ubiquitous wireless connectivity for everyone (Akyildiz, Kak, & Nie, 2020). Hence, KPIs should be proposed to guide the design of 6G networks related to those existing for 5G networks (Tataria et al, 2021). Table 8 shows a comparison of 5G and 6G networks KPIs and main features.…”

“…Table 8 shows a comparison of 5G and 6G networks KPIs and main features. (Dang et al, 2020;Tataria et al, 2021 From the continuous evolution of 5G, new lessons will be learned. These lessons will serve as a backdrop for emerging use cases that will be better served by 6G such as remote healthcare, smart environments, autonomous vehicles, space connectivity, multi-sensory holographic teleportation, industrial automation.…”