7–14 GHz optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) sourcemodule for use incoherent optical beamforming applications

Langley, L.N.; Elkin, M.D.; Edge, C.; Wale, M.J.; Gliese, U.; Huang, Xuan; Seeds, A.J.

doi:10.1049/el:19981635

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The total estimated loop propagation delay was below 0.4 ns, thanks to the micro-optic solutions applied. In consequence, a noteworthy performance was obtained, with a total phase-error variance of 0.05 rad 2 [54].…”

Section: Early Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrated Semiconductor Laser Optical Phase Lock Loops

Bałakier

Ponnampalam

Fice

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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An Optical Phase Lock Loop (OPLL) is a feedback control system that allows the phase stabilization of a laser to a reference laser with absolute but adjustable frequency offset. Such phase and frequency locked optical oscillators are of great interest for sensing, spectroscopy, and optical communication applications, where coherent detection offers advantages of higher sensitivity and spectral efficiency than can be achieved with direct detection. As explained in this paper, the fundamental difficulty in realising an OPLL is related to the limitations on loop bandwidth and propagation delay as a function of laser linewidth. In particular, the relatively wide linewidth of semiconductor lasers requires short delay, which can only be achieved through shortening of the feedback path, which is greatly facilitated through photonic integration. This paper reviews the advances in the development of semiconductor laser-based OPLLs and describes how improvements in performance have been enabled by improvements in photonic integration technology. We also describe the first OPLL created using foundry fabricated photonic integrated circuits and off-the-shelf electronic components. Stable locking has been achieved for offset frequencies between 4 and 12 GHz with a heterodyne phase noise below -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. This is the highest performance yet reported for a monolithically integrated OPLL and demonstrates the attractiveness of the foundry fabrication approach.Index Terms-Optical phase locked loops, photonic integrated circuits, semiconductor laser, microwave photonics.

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Section: Early Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrated Semiconductor Laser Optical Phase Lock Loops

Bałakier

Ponnampalam

Fice

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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“…However, since the generated optical sidebands experience the same process, applying phase shifting on only one sideband is difficult to achieve. To address this issue while keeping the flexible phase shifting, optical phase locked loop (OPLL) concepts have been proposed [50], [54]- [58]. The pioneer research based on PIC can be dated back to 1990s [49], [59].…”

Section: A Integrated Photonic Mm-wave Phase Shiftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Integration Techniques on Broadband Millimeter-Wave Beam Steering for 5G Wireless Networks and Beyond

Cao

Smolders

et al. 2016

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

100

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Recently, the desired very high throughput of 5G wireless networks drives millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication into practical applications. A phased array technique is required to increase the effective antenna aperture at mm-wave frequency. Integrated solutions of beamforming/beam steering are extremely attractive for practical implementations. After a discussion on the basic principles of radio beam steering, we review and explore the recent advanced integration techniques of silicon-based electronic integrated circuits (EICs), photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and antenna-on-chip (AoC). For EIC, the latest advanced designs of on-chip true time delay (TTD) are explored. Even with such advances, the fundamental loss of a silicon-based EIC still exists, which can be solved by advanced PIC solutions with ultra-broad bandwidth and low loss. Advanced PIC designs for mm-wave beam steering are then reviewed with emphasis on an optical TTD. Different from the mature silicon-based EIC, the photonic integration technology for PIC is still under development. In this paper, we review and explore the potential photonic integration platforms and discuss how a monolithic integration based on photonic membranes fits the photonic mm-wave beam steering application, especially for the ease of EIC and PIC integration on a single chip. To combine EIC, for its accurate and mature fabrication techniques, with PIC, for its ultra-broad bandwidth and low loss, a hierarchical mm-wave beam steering chip with large-array Manuscript delays realized in PIC and sub-array delays realized in EIC can be a future-proof solution. Moreover, the antenna units can be further integrated on such a chip using AoC techniques. Among the mentioned techniques, the integration trends on device and system levels are discussed extensively.Index Terms-5G, millimeter-wave, beam steering, true-timedelay, phase shifter, antenna-on-chip, photonic radio beam steering, broadband beamforming, phase control units. 0018-9197

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