808 nm driven Nd³⁺-sensitized upconversion nanostructures for photodynamic therapy and simultaneous fluorescence imaging

Abstract

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). UvA-DARE (Digital AcademicRepository Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. The in vivo biological applications of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) prefer excitation at 700-850 nm, instead of 980 nm, due to the absorption of water. Recent approaches in constructing robust Nd 3+ doped UCNPs with 808 nm excitation properties rely on a thick Nd 3+ sensitized shell.However, for the very important and popular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based applications, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or switchable biosensors, this type of structure has restrictions resulting in a poor energy transfer. In this work, we have designed a NaYF 4 :Yb/Ho@NaYF 4 :Nd@NaYF 4 core-shell-shell nanostructure. We have proven that this optimal structure balances the robustness of the upconversion emission and the FRET efficiency for FRET-based bioapplications. A proof of the concept was demonstrated for photodynamic therapy and simultaneous fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells triggered by 808 nm light, where low heating and a high PDT efficacy were achieved.

Lanthanide Nanoparticles: From Design toward Bioimaging and Therapy

“…Very recently, Zhang and co-workers prepared RB-modified NaYF 4 :Yb,Ho@NaYF 4 :Nd@NaYF 4 UCNPs for 808 nm triggered cellular PDT. 448 With 200 μg/ mL of these nanoparticles, the cell viability was lower than 50% upon 808 nm irradiation. Moreover, the heating effect induced by 980 nm irradiation was reduced.…”

Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles: Emerging Intelligent Light‐Activated Drug Delivery Systems

“…Therefore, ongoing efforts have been devoted toward preparing new series of UCNPs that can be excited by ≈800 nm illumination where water has the local minima absorption coefficient while it is still in the tissue optical window ( Figure 12 ). 167, 168, 169, 170, 171 In this regard, in 2013, Han and co‐workers designed the first generation of Nd/Yb/Er (Tm) tri‐doped cascade sensitized core/shell UCNPs with the ability to be excited by 800 nm laser. In their engineered UCNPs system, small amount of Nd 3+ (doping ratio into the core of ≤1%, undoped shell) played a vital role in sensitizing the UCNP owing to the extreme absorption cross‐section at ≈800 nm and competent energy transfer between Nd 3+ and Yb 3+ .…”

808 nm-excited upconversion nanoprobes with low heating effect for targeted magnetic resonance imaging and high-efficacy photodynamic therapy in HER2-overexpressed breast cancer

“…Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing novel upconversion nanoparticles excited by 808 nm laser. It was found that the Nd 3+ -sensitized upconversion nanoparticles exhibited efficient upconversion luminescence (UCL) under the excitation of 808 nm laser, in which Nd 3+ featured a sharp absorption band at 808 nm and acted as sensitizer [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Moreover, the energy transfer from Nd 3+ to Yb 3+ to Er 3+ was expected to realize high-efficiency UCL with low heating effect and deep penetration under the excitation of 808 nm laser.…”