95-GHz Front-End Receiving Multichip Module on Multilayer LCP Substrate for Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging

Zhang, Yifei; Martin, Robert; Shi, Shouyuan; Wright, A.; Yao, Peng; Shreve, Kevin; Mackrides, Daniel G.; Harrity, Charles; Prather, Dennis W.

doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2018.2805708

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In 2021, Gu et al reported the use of a wideband scalable phased array with AiP integration for 5G mmW communications [104], as shown in Figure 9c. In addition to communication, LCP-based front-end modules have been proposed for passive mmW imaging [127][128][129], as shown in Figure 9d. In 2018, researchers at the University of Delaware developed MCM front-end receivers on multilayer LCP substrates, achieving a high gain of more rate than 63 dB and a low noise rate of less than 6 dB at 95 GHz [128,129].…”

Section: Front-end Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Technologies from Microwave to Terahertz Frequencies

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2022

Molecules

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With the emergence of fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, millimeter-wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) frequencies have attracted ever-growing interest for advanced wireless applications. The traditional printed circuit board materials have become uncompetitive at such high frequencies due to their high dielectric loss and large water absorption rates. As a promising high-frequency alternative, liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have been widely investigated for use in circuit devices, chip integration, and module packaging over the last decade due to their low loss tangent up to 1.8 THz and good hermeticity. The previous review articles have summarized the chemical properties of LCP films, flexible LCP antennas, and LCP-based antenna-in-package and system-in-package technologies for 5G applications, although these articles did not discuss synthetic LCP technologies. In addition to wireless applications, the attractive mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of LCP films enable interesting applications in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), biomedical electronics, and microfluidics, which have not been summarized to date. Here, a comprehensive review of flexible LCP technologies covering electric circuits, antennas, integration and packaging technologies, front-end modules, MEMS, biomedical devices, and microfluidics from microwave to THz frequencies is presented for the first time, which gives a broad introduction for those outside or just entering the field and provides perspective and breadth for those who are well established in the field.

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Section: Front-end Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Technologies from Microwave to Terahertz Frequencies

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2022

Molecules

Self Cite

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“…The integration of subsystems may include even the antenna, facilitating the implementation of radar-based active imaging systems with beamforming capabilities [35]. Even alternative detection procedures have been proposed using optical technology to provide images from W-band radiation [36]. Another aspect is the distinction between radiometer system performance and stand-alone detector performance.…”

Section: Dicke Radiometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of W-Band Radiometers: Direct versus Heterodyne Detections

et al. 2021

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W-Band radiometers using intermediate frequency down-conversion (super-heterodyne) and direct detection are compared. Both receivers consist of two W-band low noise amplifiers and an 80-to-101 GHz filter, which conforms to the reception frequency band, in the front-end module. The back-end module of the first receiver comprises a subharmonic mixer, intermediate frequency (IF) amplification and a square-law detector. For direct detection, a W-Band detector replaces the mixer and the intermediate frequency detection stages. The performance of the whole receivers has been simulated requiring special techniques, based on data from the experimental characterization of each subsystem. In the super-heterodyne implementation a local oscillator at 27.1 GHz (with 8 dBm) with a x3 frequency multiplier is used, exhibiting an overall conversion gain around 48 dB, a noise figure around 4 dB, and an effective bandwidth over 10 GHz. In the direct detection scheme, slightly better noise performance is obtained, with a wider bandwidth, around 20 GHz, since there is no IF bandwidth limitation (~15 GHz), and even using the same 80-to-101 GHz filter, the detector can operate through the whole W-band. Moreover, W-band detector has higher sensitivity than the IF detector, increasing slightly the gain. In both cases, the receiver performance is characterized when a broadband noise input signal is applied. The radiometer characteristics have been obtained working as a total power radiometer and as a Dicke radiometer when an optical chopper is used to modulate the incoming signal. Combining this particular super-heterodyne or direct detection topologies and total power or Dicke modes of operation, four different cases are compared and discussed, achieving similar sensitivities, but better performances in terms of equivalent bandwidth and noise for the direct detection radiometer. It should be noted that this conclusion comes from a particular set of components, which we could consider as typical, but we cannot exclude other conclusions for different components, particularly for different mixers and detectors.

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“…In medical treatment, the convergent lens can focus the electromagnetic beam, which has the advantages of good directivity, high thermal efficiency, and high gain in microwave hyperthermia of tumors 3 . In the process of microwave passive imaging based on a near‐field convergent lens, because the power received by the radiometer is different when the electromagnetic waves from different positions of the target reach the focal plane through the convergent lens, the image of the target can be formed 4–6 . However, traditional lenses usually have problems such as large volume and expensive costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐metallic near‐field convergent lens design using cross‐ Jerusalem ‐slot elements

Ding

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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The near‐field convergent lens has aroused wide attention in the field of microwave passive imaging, medicine, and beam shaping in recent years as it can converge electromagnetic energy with high efficiency. The main objective of the paper is to exhibit the design process of a multiple‐conductor‐layers convergent lens using all‐metallic elements. A quad‐layer metal cross‐Jerusalem‐slot structure is proposed to obtain compact unit cells without dielectric substrate, and then an all‐metallic near‐field convergent lens based on the cells is constructed. To validate the proposed method, an L‐band lens sample with 20 × 20 cells is designed and numerically simulated. Results show that the waves radiated from a horn antenna to the lens are focused in the near‐field area, 500 mm away from the lens, with the full width at half maximum of the focal spot of less than 200 mm. In addition, it is observed that the overall size of the lens has a significant effect on the near‐field convergent performance. Therefore, when the array is small, how to adjust the type of array elements to achieve a better convergence effect is analyzed in detail.

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95-GHz Front-End Receiving Multichip Module on Multilayer LCP Substrate for Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Technologies from Microwave to Terahertz Frequencies

Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer Technologies from Microwave to Terahertz Frequencies

Performance Assessment of W-Band Radiometers: Direct versus Heterodyne Detections

All‐metallic near‐field convergent lens design using cross‐ Jerusalem ‐slot elements

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