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Daidouji, Kouichi; Takagaki, Keiichi; Yoshihara, Shuichi; Matsuya, Hideki; Sasaki, Makoto; Endo, Masahiko

doi:10.1023/a:1013718021713

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…In fact, specific sequences of highly sulfated DS from a variety of invertebrate and mammalian sources are being pursued as pharmaceutically viable treatments for specific blood coagulation disorders (7)(8)(9). Changes in the DS side chain of the small proteoglycan, decorin, have been observed in human colon cancer (10), and modification of existing glycosaminoglycan sequences by chondroitinase B and chondroitinase AC may inhibit angiogenesis and tumor metastasis (11). Overall, the role of glycosaminoglycans as specific mediators of tumorigenesis and other biological events is an emerging field that offers great potential for the development of novel therapeutics (12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characterization of the Chondroitinase B Active Site

Pojasek

Raman

Kiley

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Chondroitinase B from Flavobacterium heparinum is the only known lyase that cleaves the glycosaminoglycan, dermatan sulfate (DS), as its sole substrate. A recent co-crystal structure of chondroitinase B with a disaccharide product of DS depolymerization has provided some insight into the location of the active site and suggested potential roles of some active site residues in substrate binding and catalysis. However, this co-crystal structure was not representative of the actual enzyme-substrate complex, because the disaccharide product did not have the right length or the chemical structure of the minimal substrate (tetrasaccharide) involved in catalysis. Therefore, only a limited picture of the functional role of active site residues in DS depolymerization was presented in previous structural studies. In this study, by docking a DS tetrasaccharide into the proposed active site of the enzyme, we have identified novel roles of specific active site amino acids in the catalytic function of chondroitinase B. Our conformational analysis also revealed a unique, symmetrical arrangement of active site amino acids that may impinge on the catalytic mechanism of action of chondroitinase B. The catalytic residues Lys-250, Arg-271, His-272, and Glu-333 along with the substrate binding residues Arg-363 and Arg-364 were mutated using site-directed mutagenesis, and the kinetics and product profile of each mutant were compared with recombinant chondroitinase B. Mutating Lys-250 to alanine resulted in inactivation of the enzyme, potentially attributable to the role of the residue in stabilizing the carbanion intermediate formed during enzymatic catalysis. The His-272 and Glu-333 mutants showed diminished enzymatic activity that could be indicative of a possible role for one or both residues in the abstraction of the C-5 proton from the galactosamine. In addition, the Arg-364 mutant had an altered product profile after exhaustive digestion of DS, suggesting a role for this residue in defining the substrate specificity of chondroitinase B.

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