A 13‐year‐old girl with presumed pseudoexfoliation

Yüksel, Bora; Schlötzer‐Schrehardt, Ursula; Pehlivan, Orcun; Topaloglu, Engin

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00508.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The incidence of XFS increases steadily with age and most affected patients are older than 50 years of age. There are few reported XFS cases younger than 40 years 116,117 ; notably, the finding that these cases shared previous intraocular surgery as a common feature in their history may denote a simple coincidental association or some sort of causal relationship. Amini et al 118 described four patients with glaucoma younger than 50 years with early signs of XFS subsequent to multiple intraocular procedures.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Xfs and The Relation With Oxidation Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

Oxidative stress in dry age-related macular degeneration and exfoliation syndrome

Chiras

Kitsos

Petersen

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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Oxidative stress refers to cellular or molecular damage caused by reactive oxygen species, which especially occurs in age-related conditions as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense response. Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) are two common and complex age-related conditions that can cause irreversible vision loss. Two subtypes of AMD, which is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world, exist: the most prevalent dry type and the most severe wet type. Early dry AMD is characterized by formation of drusen, which are sub-retinal deposits, in the macular area and may progress to geographic atrophy with more dramatic manifestation. XFS is a systemic disorder of the extracellular matrix characterized by the accumulation of elastic fibrils that leads, in most cases, to glaucoma development with progressive and irreversible vision loss. Due to the aging population, the prevalence of these already-widespread conditions is increasing and is resulting in significant economic and psychological costs for individuals and for society. The exact composition of the abnormal drusen and XFS material as well as the mechanisms responsible for their production and accumulation still remain elusive, and consequently treatment for both diseases is lacking. However, recent epidemiologic, genetic and molecular studies support a major role for oxidative stress in both dry AMD and XFS development. Understanding the early molecular events in their pathogenesis and the exact role of oxidative stress may provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention for the prevention of progression to advanced disease.

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Section: Risk Factors For Xfs and The Relation With Oxidation Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

Oxidative stress in dry age-related macular degeneration and exfoliation syndrome

Chiras

Kitsos

Petersen

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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“…We propose that rubbing caused the concomitant keratoconus and XFS. This is further confirmed by analysis of XFS in young subjects [ Table 8 ]:[ 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 ] Half of young subjects with a reported risk for XFS had keratoconus. Out of 35 subjects with XFS under 45 years of age, detailed clinical data were available in 18:9 having some kind of corneal ectasia and 9 having had intraocular surgeries (2 after penetrating trauma and 7 had primary glaucoma).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Literature review of positive risk factors for XFS in general [Tables 5 - 7 ][ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 ] and XFS in young subjects [ Table 8 ][ 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case–Cohort Study of Exfoliation Risk Factors and Literature Review

Mansour

Konstas

Mansour

et al. 2021

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with exfoliation in a case-cohort setting and literature review. This single-center, prospective, case-cohort study was carried out from January 2010 to April 2020 on patients operated for cataract surgery by a single surgeon in Lebanon. Forty-nine consecutive patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and 62 consecutive control patients were identified and further investigated for selected systemic (diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, asthma, or atopy) and ocular variables (baseline vision, severity of nuclear sclerosis, glaucoma, eye rubbing, history of dry eye, or allergic eye disease). The mean baseline Snellen visual acuity was 20/283 in XFS versus 20/145 in control cases ( P = 0.012). XFS also demonstrated significantly denser nuclear sclerosis than controls ( P = 0.00958). By univariate analysis, allergic conjunctivitis (15 [30.6%] vs. 2 [3.2%]; P < 0.001), dry eye (20 [40.8%] vs. 13 [21.0%]; P = 0.0133), and habitual rubbing of the eyes (33 [67.3%] vs. 19 [30.6%]; P < 0.001) were associated with the presence of XFS. Habitual ocular rubbing was closely associated with allergic conjunctivitis (odds ratio [OR] = 13.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–58.8; P = 0.032). After multivariable analysis, the following variables showed significant results: glaucoma (OR = 34.5; 95% CI: 4.4–250; P = 0.010), duration of surgery (OR = 5.6; 95% CI 2.43–12.9; P < 0.001), and habitual ocular rubbing (OR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.97–9.90; P = 0.029). This study shows a novel potential correlation between eye rubbing and XFS in a Lebanese cohort. Chronic eye rubbing induces or may exacerbate preexistent zonular damage in subjects with XFS, hence the need to better manage concurrent ocular surface disorder in these patients.

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“…Cases of early-onset XFS have been reported individually [14][15][16] . For example, a case of a 13-year-old girl with XFS who underwent ECCE was previously reported 17 . Additionally, a 17-year-old patient who underwent trabeculectomy was described as a case of early-onset XFS 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for early-onset exfoliation syndrome

Park

Jeong

Cheol

2022

Sci Rep

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Although exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related, late-onset disease, early-onset XFS has been reported, and its associated factors remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the clinical features and risk factors of early-onset XFS. The participants were divided into two groups according to age at the time of XFS diagnosis: early-onset (< 60 years) or late-onset (≥ 70 years) group. Among the 302 eyes of 240 patients with XFS, the early-onset group included 41 eyes (14%) of 33 patients, and the late-onset group included 163 eyes (54%) of 126 patients; the mean age was 54.8 ± 5.0 and 76.6 ± 4.9 years, respectively (p < 0.001). All eight cases diagnosed with XFS at the earliest age, ranging from 36 to 52 years, underwent trabeculectomy before the diagnosis of XFS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a history of trabeculectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 11.435, p < 0.001), presence of iridectomy (OR = 11.113, p < 0.001), and longer axial length (OR = 2.311, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with the development of early-onset XFS. Collectively, patients with early-onset XFS were more likely to have undergone trabeculectomy and have more axial myopia compared with those with late-onset XFS. These findings suggest that surgical trauma compromising the blood-aqueous barrier may trigger early manifestation of XFS.

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A 13‐year‐old girl with presumed pseudoexfoliation

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Oxidative stress in dry age-related macular degeneration and exfoliation syndrome

Oxidative stress in dry age-related macular degeneration and exfoliation syndrome

A Case–Cohort Study of Exfoliation Risk Factors and Literature Review

Risk factors for early-onset exfoliation syndrome

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