A 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned at 1011 bits per square centimetre

Green, Jonathan E.; Choi, Jang Wook; Boukai, Akram; Bunimovich, Yuri L.; Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel; DeIonno, Erica; Luo, Yi; Sheriff, Bonnie A.; Xu, Ke; Shin, Young Shik; Tseng, Hsian‐Rong; Stoddart, J. Fraser; Heath, James R.

doi:10.1038/nature05462

Cited by 1,182 publications

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“…For example, the application of switchable, mechanically-interlocked, small molecules has been widely demonstrated [12][13][14] in solid-state electronic devices, 12 mechanised nanoparticles, 13 and nanoelectromechanical systems. 14 From the perspective of an organic chemist, engineering mechanical bonds into macromolecular scaffolds, by employing organic/polymer synthetic protocols, is becoming an area of considerable contemporary interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically bonded macromolecules

et al. 2010

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Mechanically bonded macromolecules constitute a class of challenging synthetic targets in polymer science. The controllable intramolecular motions of mechanical bonds, in combination with the processability and useful physical and mechanical properties of macromolecules, ultimately ensure their potential for applications in materials science, nanotechnology and medicine. This tutorial review describes the syntheses and properties of a library of diverse mechanically bonded macromolecules, which covers (i) main-chain, side-chain, bridged, and pendant oligo/polycatenanes, (ii) main-chain oligo/polyrotaxanes, (iii) poly[c2]daisy chains, and finally (iv) mechanically interlocked dendrimers. A variety of highly efficient synthetic protocols-including template-directed assembly, step-growth polymerisation, quantitative conjugation, etc.-were employed in the construction of these mechanically interlocked architectures. Some of these structures, i.e., side-chain polycatenanes and poly[c2]daisy chains, undergo controllable molecular switching in a manner similar to their small molecular counterparts. The challenges posed by the syntheses of polycatenanes and polyrotaxanes with high molecular weights are contemplated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically bonded macromolecules

et al. 2010

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“…This control is essential to the development of potential applications as diverse as catalysis (5), drug delivery (6), elastic materials (7), molecular actuators (8), molecular transport (9), ion sensors (10), motors (11), and information storage (12). Supramolecular chemistry (13) has been one of the sources from which the inspiration and desire to build artificial molecular machines, as the counterpart to biological motors, has sprung.…”

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Measurement of the ground-state distributions in bistable mechanically interlocked molecules using slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry

Fahrenbach

Barnes

Li³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In donor-acceptor mechanically interlocked molecules that exhibit bistability, the relative populations of the translational isomerspresent, for example, in a bistable [2]rotaxane, as well as in a couple of bistable [2]catenanes of the donor-acceptor vintage-can be elucidated by slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry. The practice of transitioning from a fast scan rate regime to a slow one permits the measurement of an intermediate redox couple that is a function of the equilibrium that exists between the two translational isomers in the case of all three mechanically interlocked molecules investigated. These intermediate redox potentials can be used to calculate the ground-state distribution constants, K. Whereas, (i) in the case of the bistable [2]rotaxane, composed of a dumbbell component containing π-electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene and dioxynaphthalene recognition sites for the ring component (namely, a tetracationic cyclophane, containing two π-electron-deficient bipyridinium units), a value for K of 10 AE 2 is calculated, (ii) in the case of the two bistable [2]catenanes-one containing a crown ether with tetrathiafulvalene and dioxynaphthalene recognition sites for the tetracationic cyclophane, and the other, tetrathiafulvalene and butadiyne recognition sites-the values for K are orders (one and three, respectively) of magnitude greater. This observation, which has also been probed by theoretical calculations, supports the hypothesis that the extra stability of one translational isomer over the other is because of the influence of the enforced side-on donor-acceptor interactions brought about by both π-electron-rich recognition sites being part of a macrocyclic polyether.density functional theory | donor-acceptor molecules | electrochemistry | isomerism | switches T he ability to control the relative motions (1) of molecules is crucial for understanding many biological processes such as cell division and intracellular transport (2), muscle contraction (3), and ATP production (4). This control is essential to the development of potential applications as diverse as catalysis (5), drug delivery (6), elastic materials (7), molecular actuators (8), molecular transport (9), ion sensors (10), motors (11), and information storage (12). Supramolecular chemistry (13) has been one of the sources from which the inspiration and desire to build artificial molecular machines, as the counterpart to biological motors, has sprung. Understanding the mechanism by which intramolecular noncovalent bonding interactions occur-especially in those systems that can undergo reversible switching eventsholds the key to how artificial molecular machines (14) can be engineered to fit the demands of a given function. Gaining intimate knowledge of the mechanisms (15-18) governing the relative molecular motions of their components is, therefore, a pursuit that yields crucial information for the design of artificial molecular machines. Bistable mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) [namely, bistable catenanes (19, 20) and rotaxanes (21), wh...

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“…SNAP translates the atomic control over the film thicknesses within a thin film superlattice into control over the width and spacing of NWs. [23][24][25] SNAP is utilized to …”

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Long, Highly-Ordered High-Temperature Superconductor Nanowire Arrays

Heath

2008

Nano Lett.

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The preparation and electrical properties of high-temperature superconductor nanowire arrays are reported for the first time. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ nanowires with widths as small as 10 nm (much smaller than the magnetic penetration depth) and lengths up to 200 µm are studied by four-point electrical measurements. All nanowires exhibit a superconducting transition above liquid nitrogen temperature and a transition temperature width that depends strongly upon the nanowire dimensions. Nanowire size effects are systematically studied, and the results are modeled satisfactorily using phase-slip theories that generate reasonable parameters. These nanowires can function as superconducting nanoelectronic components over much wider temperature ranges as compared to conventional superconductor nanowires.A key question regarding the use of superconductors in nanoelectronic circuits is whether there is a critical size limit beyond which superconductivity can not be sustained. 1-3 A superconducting wire becomes quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) when its width (w) is comparable to or smaller than the material-dependent Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (>∼100 nm for elemental superconductors) and magnetic penetration depth λ (∼40 nm for elemental superconductors). For bulk superconductors, the electrical resistance drops precipitously to zero below the superconducting transition temperature (T c ). For quasi-1D superconductors, the resistance decreases gradually below T c due to phase-slip processes. 2,4 This may result in resistive or insulating behaviors for thin (∼10 nm) wires when temperature approaches zero. 1,2 Narrow width (w ∼ 10 nm) nanowires (NWs) made from elemental superconductors 3,5-7 and from the binary alloy MoGe 1,2,8 are all quasi-1D systems, and strong suppression of superconductivity by phase-slip processes has been observed in these systems. The very low T c (typically below liquid helium temperature) limits their potential applications as zero-electrical resistance conductors or active components in nanoelectronic circuits. [8][9][10][11][12] In comparison, the short (∼1 nm) that characterizes high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials 13 may reduce the influence on superconductivity of phase slip processes in HTS NWs, and the expected significantly higher T c should uniquely enable applications of HTS NW materials.However, achieving high-temperature superconductivity in NWs requires achieving the correct stoichiometry and the correct perovskite-like crystal structures of the HTS materials. This renders many superconductor NW fabrication methods 1,5,6,14,15 inapplicable, and so little has been reported in this area. Short HTS NWs (w ∼50 nm) have been synthesized, but superconductivity was only tested through magnetization measurements of powders of these materials. 16,17 Patterning HTS NWs from epitaxially grown HTS thin films is also challenging: HTS materials are unstable toward processing steps involving acid, water, or moderately elevated temperatures. In addition, for patterning, HTS films are...

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A 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned at 1011 bits per square centimetre

Cited by 1,182 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanically bonded macromolecules

Mechanically bonded macromolecules

Measurement of the ground-state distributions in bistable mechanically interlocked molecules using slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry

Long, Highly-Ordered High-Temperature Superconductor Nanowire Arrays

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