A 2.4 GHz 20 W 8-channel RF Source Module with Solid-State Power Amplifiers for Plasma Generators

Nam, Hyosung; Sim, Taejoo; Kim, Jeong Hyun

doi:10.3390/electronics9091378

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the non-linearity of HPA [18] still provoke a signal distortion, compromising the system performance. These non-linearity can be identified in the amplitude with the Amplitude Modulation/Amplitude Modulation (AM/AM), and in the phase with the Amplitude Modulation/Phase Modulation (AM/PM) functions [19]. In addition, those techniques, as indicated earlier, increase transmission power due to the expansion on the transmitted constellation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dimensioning an FPGA for Real-Time Implementation of State of the Art Neural Network-Based HPA Predistorter

et al. 2021

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the key modulations for current and novel broadband communications standards. For example, Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is an excellent choice for the ECMA-368 Ultra Wideband (UWB) wireless communication standard. Nevertheless, the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of MB-OFDM UWB signals reduces the power efficiency of the key element in mobile devices, the High Power Amplifier (HPA), due to non-linear distortion, known as the non-linear saturation of the HPA. In order to deal with this limiting problem, a new and efficient pre-distorter scheme using a Neural Networks (NN) is proposed and also implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This solution based on the pre-distortion concept of HPA non-linearities offers a good trade-off between complexity and performance. Some tests and validation have been conducted on the two types of HPA: Travelling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTA) and Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPA). The results show that the proposed pre-distorter design presents low complexity and low error rate. Indeed, the implemented architecture uses 10% of DSP (Digital Signal Processing) blocks and 1% of LUTs (Look up Table) in case of SSPA, whereas it only uses 1% of LUTs in case of TWTA. In addition, it allows us to conclude that advanced machine learning techniques can be efficiently implemented in hardware with the adequate design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dimensioning an FPGA for Real-Time Implementation of State of the Art Neural Network-Based HPA Predistorter

et al. 2021

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Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

Jankowski

Reszke²

2023

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Over the last decade, a revolutionary progress in both the instrumentation and the application of microwave plasma (MWP) systems for optical and mass spectrometry is observed. In this article, the current status of these systems is comprehensively reviewed and updated to 2022 to provide the reader with an advanced understanding of the theory, practices, and instrumentation associated with MWP‐based spectrometric techniques. Diverse MWP devices that can serve as atomizers, and radiation or ionization sources for various spectrometric techniques are all discussed and classified according to their fundamental microwave features and power coupling mode. Two basic MWP types constitute electrode‐operating capacitively coupled microwave plasmas (CMPs) and electrodeless microwave‐induced plasmas (MIPs). The recent development of the brand new devices such as microwave inductively coupled plasmas, rotating field MWPs, and microwave micro‐discharges is also discussed. In addition, so‐called tandem plasma sources that are a combination of MWP with another type of plasma are briefly commented on. An introduction to the various sampling techniques that can cope with MWPs such as hydride generation (HG), chemical vapor generation (CVG) and photochemical vapor generation (PCVG) for gaseous samples, solution nebulization for liquids, and dry aerosol generation techniques [electrothermal vaporization (ETV), spark (SA), laser ablation (LA), direct vaporization and ionization (DI), and continuous powder introduction (CPI)] for solids are presented highlighting their relative merits and demerits. Also, recent advances in sampling of nanoparticles for time‐resolved measurements and single particle analysis are mentioned. Further, a broad range of MWP‐based optical and mass spectrometric techniques is covered. Optical emission spectrometric (OES) methods based on MWPs are reviewed because a considerable amount of research is presently being performed in this field. Even when much less reported in the literature, several nonemission spectrometric techniques are also discussed. The mass spectrometry (MS) techniques including both the elemental mass spectrometry with hot MWPs and a variety of molecular MS techniques utilizing either hot or cold MWPs are discussed. Advances in sample introduction strategies, instrument optimization, calibration methods, and applications of MWP analytical spectrometry are discussed in the following sections. Due to the diversity of MWP instrumentation and related spectrometric techniques, it is impracticable to treat equally all of these issues in this survey. For this reason, the discussion of analytical performance and practical use is focused on key MWP‐based spectrometric techniques that have been employed, alone or hyphenated, using commercial instrumentation. The review of routine determination of metals and metalloids in different categories of samples is focused to cover the application of nitrogen MWP Optical Emission Spectrometer. Extended capabilities by hyphenating microwave plasma optical emission spectrometry (MWPOES) and microwave plasma mass spectrometry (MWPMS) to various well‐known separation techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography, and also size‐exclusion chromatography are discussed in brief. The application of advanced spectroscopic techniques in a wide range of environments focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on industrial and bioanalytical applications, its advantages, and limitations over other multielement instrumental techniques are discussed. Some of the areas where more developments can be expected in the future are suggested.

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A 2.4 GHz 20 W 8-Channel RF Source Module with Improved Channel Output Balance

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a 2.4 GHz 20 W 8-channel radio frequency (RF) source module with improved channel output balance. The proposed RF source module is composed of an RF source generation/DC control part, a power amplification part, and a power dividing part. A 2-stage power amplifier (PA) is combined with gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors, including a 25 W transistor and 2-way combined 120 W transistors as the drive and main PA, respectively. In addition, a structure was applied to improve the channel output balance compared to that of the previous module, and the differences of the phase and magnitude of the output power between channels are alleviated within 0.35° and 0.18 dB, respectively. A water jacket was implemented under the drive and main PAs for liquid cooling; however, unlike in the previous work, it was designed by optimizing the size of the water jacket and reducing unnecessary materials using a brazing process. The output power at each channel was 43 dBm, and the drain efficiency was more than 50% at 2.4 GHz. The total module size was 244 mm × 247.4 mm × 30 mm, and its volume was reduced by approximately 58.4% compared to that of the previous module.

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A 2.4 GHz 20 W 8-channel RF Source Module with Solid-State Power Amplifiers for Plasma Generators

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Dimensioning an FPGA for Real-Time Implementation of State of the Art Neural Network-Based HPA Predistorter

Dimensioning an FPGA for Real-Time Implementation of State of the Art Neural Network-Based HPA Predistorter

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

A 2.4 GHz 20 W 8-Channel RF Source Module with Improved Channel Output Balance

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