A +20 m middle Pleistocene sea-level highstand (Bermuda and the Bahamas) due to partial collapse of Antarctic ice

Hearty, Paul J.; Kindler, Pascal; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0375:ammpsl>2.3.co;2

Cited by 213 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…An exception is Site 980 which shows very similar SST values for MIS 1 and MIS 11 (McManus et al, 1999). However, the method of SST estimates employed in that latter study involved changes in global ice volume which might have introduced further uncertainties, as different ice-volume reconstructions show controversial results for MIS 11 (Rohling et al, 1998;Hearty et al, 1999;McManus et al, 2003;Kandiano and Bauch, 2007). Our data show that the SST optimum in the subtropical as well as in the middle latitudes was reached during the late phase which is consistent with previously published foraminiferal and alkenone SST data of MIS 11c from the wider North Atlantic region (de Abreu et al, 2005;Martrat et al, 2007;Stein et al, 2009;Rodrigues et al, 2011;Stein et al, 2009) .…”

Section: Dynamics Of Sea-surface Properties In the Lower Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 85%

The meridional temperature gradient in the eastern North Atlantic during MIS 11 and its link to the ocean–atmosphere system

Kandiano

Bauch

Fahl

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Temporal and spatial patterns in eastern North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SST) were reconstructed for marine isotope stage (MIS) 11c using a submeridional transect of five sediment cores. The SST reconstructions are based on planktic foraminiferal abundances and alkenone indices, and are supported by benthic and planktic stable isotope measurements, as well as by ice-rafted debris content in polar and middle latitudes. Additionally, the larger-scale dynamics of the precipitation regime over northern Africa and the western Mediterranean region was evaluated from iron concentrations in marine sediments off NW Africa and planktic δ 13 C in combination with analysis of planktic foraminiferal abundances down to the species level in the Mediterranean Sea. Compared to the modern situation, it is revealed that during entire MIS 11c sensu stricto (ss), i.e., between 420 and 398 ka according to our age models, a cold SST anomaly in the Nordic seas co-existed with a warm SST anomaly in the middle latitudes and the subtropics, resulting in steeper meridional SST gradients than during the Holocene. Such a SST pattern correlates well with a prevalence of a negative mode of the modern North Atlantic Oscillation. We suggest that our scenario might partly explain the longer duration of wet conditions in the northern Africa during MIS 11c compared to the Holocene.

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Section: Dynamics Of Sea-surface Properties In the Lower Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 85%

The meridional temperature gradient in the eastern North Atlantic during MIS 11 and its link to the ocean–atmosphere system

Kandiano

Bauch

Fahl

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…For the Coppa Nevigata área, the marker used is the intertidal stromatolithic level of the NVI unit, whose present height is + 7 m. Its age is 409 ± 62 ka, therefore referable to the MIS 11 highstand. During this stage the sea level was higher than the present (Shackleton, 1987), but not all the authors agree about the máximum sea level reached in this interstadial: + 20m (Howard, 1997;Hearty et al, 1999) or between +18 and + 20 m (Hearty and Kaufman, 2000). According to Schellmann and •.-RPL-.…”

Section: Vertical Movement Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic units of the Apulian Tavoliere plain (Southern Italy): Chronology, correlation with marine isotope stages and implications regarding vertical movements

Santis

Caldara

Torres³

et al. 2010

Sedimentary Geology

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The geologic study of the Apulian Tavoliere plain (Apulia región, southern Italy) is extremely difficult due to the scarcity of outcrops and fauna that could be used for dating. The survey inprogressof the 1:50,000 scale geological sheetno. 409 "Zapponeta" (including the coastal zone of the Apulian Tavoliere) has prompted us to tackle this problem by using a large set of borehole data and the AAR dating method applied to ostracod shells, which are capable of colonizing all types of environment as long as there is water. This alternative approach has allowed us to recognise nine stratigraphic units or synthems and, for the first time in this área, to date them, and to find a correlation between them and the cycles of sea level variation. The recognised stratigraphic units are: the Coppa Nevigata sands (NEA; middle Pleistocene: MIS 17-16), argíüe subappennine unit (ASP; middle Pleistocene: MIS 15-13), the Coppa Nevigata synthem (NVI; middle Pleistocene: MIS 11), the Arriendóla subsynthem (MLMi; middle Pleistocene: MIS 11), an undifferentiated continental unit (UCI; middle Pleistocene: MIS 8-7), the Foggia synthem (TGF; middlelate Pleistocene: MIS 6), the Carapelle and Cervaro streams synthem (RPL; late Pleistocene: MIS 5-3), and the Inacquata farm synthem (NAQ; Holocene). Within the RPL unit, a buried Cladocora caespitosa bioherm referable to MIS 5.5, lacking in warm fauna, and in which the coral is embedded in clay has been found in some boreholes. This is the first finding of Tyrrhenian deposits with C. caespitosa along the Italian Adriatic coast; the presence of this coral in clayey sediments, a very uncommon occurrence, strengthens the hypothesis that the major fossil reefs grew in coastal waters that were characterised by alluvial inputs of fine sediments, higher turbidity, and higher temperature than today. In addition, on the basis of the current evidence, some consideration about the fauna of the MIS 5.5 layer allows us to hypothesise that the Adriatic Sea underwent a more modérate warming compared to that of the Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas. Instead, the finding in the NVI unit of a tropical lagoonal deposit with stromatolites referred to MIS 11 proves that the warming in this stage was undoubtedly greater than that of MIS 5.5. The MM4 borehole, which goes through the MIS 5 layers of the RPL unit, made it possible to recognise two marine phases during MIS 5: the first is referable to the MIS 5.5-5.3 interval, and the second to MIS 5.1. MIS 5.2 is marked by land emersión, whereas no evidence of land emersión between MIS 5.5 and 5.3 has been found. Also for the first time in this área, uplifting and subsiding áreas have been recognised and the vertical movements assessed. In general, the data suggest that the Garganic Apulian foreland and the Amendola highland experienced an uplift, while the central-southern part of the study área, belonging to the Apulian Tavoliere plain, suffered a subsidence with rates increasing from north-northwest to south-southeast. In particular, the finding of the MIS 5.5 bu...

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“…Published studies of the magnitude of emergent shorelines attributed to MIS 11 have generated highly divergent estimates, from ∼22 m above present (54) to levels near present (55). After correcting sites for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), Raymo and Mitrovica (56) estimated that peak sea level during MIS 11 was 6 m to 13 m higher than present.…”

Section: Paleo-evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming

Levermann

Clark

Marzeion

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

264

224

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Global mean sea level has been steadily rising over the last century, is projected to increase by the end of this century, and will continue to rise beyond the year 2100 unless the current global mean temperature trend is reversed. Inertia in the climate and global carbon system, however, causes the global mean temperature to decline slowly even after greenhouse gas emissions have ceased, raising the question of how much sea-level commitment is expected for different levels of global mean temperature increase above preindustrial levels. Although sealevel rise over the last century has been dominated by ocean warming and loss of glaciers, the sensitivity suggested from records of past sea levels indicates important contributions should also be expected from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. Uncertainties in the paleo-reconstructions, however, necessitate additional strategies to better constrain the sea-level commitment. Here we combine paleo-evidence with simulations from physical models to estimate the future sea-level commitment on a multimillennial time scale and compute associated regional sea-level patterns. Oceanic thermal expansion and the Antarctic Ice Sheet contribute quasi-linearly, with 0.4 m°C −1 and 1.2 m°C −1 of warming, respectively. The saturation of the contribution from glaciers is overcompensated by the nonlinear response of the Greenland Ice Sheet. As a consequence we are committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 m°C −1 within the next 2,000 y. Considering the lifetime of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, this imposes the need for fundamental adaptation strategies on multicentennial time scales.climate change | climate impacts | sea-level change S ea-level projections show a robust, albeit highly uncertain, increase by the end of this century (1, 2), and there is strong evidence that sea level will continue to rise beyond the year 2100 unless the current global mean temperature trend is reversed (3-6). At the same time, inertia in the climate and global carbon system causes the global mean temperature to decline slowly even after greenhouse gas emissions have ceased (6), raising the question of how much sea-level rise we are committed to on a multimillennial time scale for different levels of global mean temperature increase. During the 20th century, sea level rose by approximately 0.2 m (7, 8), and it is estimated to rise by significantly less than 2 m by 2100, even for the strongest scenarios considered (9). At the same time, past climate records suggest a sea-level sensitivity of as much as several meters per degree of warming during previous intervals of Earth history when global temperatures were similar to or warmer than present (10, 11). Although sea-level rise over the last century has been dominated by ocean warming and loss of glaciers (7), the sensitivity suggested from records of past sea level indicates important contributions from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. Because of the uncertainties in the paleo-reconstructions, however, additional strategies are req...

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A +20 m middle Pleistocene sea-level highstand (Bermuda and the Bahamas) due to partial collapse of Antarctic ice

Cited by 213 publications

References 0 publications

The meridional temperature gradient in the eastern North Atlantic during MIS 11 and its link to the ocean–atmosphere system

The meridional temperature gradient in the eastern North Atlantic during MIS 11 and its link to the ocean–atmosphere system

Stratigraphic units of the Apulian Tavoliere plain (Southern Italy): Chronology, correlation with marine isotope stages and implications regarding vertical movements

The multimillennial sea-level commitment of global warming

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