A 3-year review of new psychoactive substances in casework

Elliott, Simon; Evans, Joanne

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.017

Cited by 192 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…DALT 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.6-7.1 0.4 (± 0.1) 175 (± 105) 2.6 (± 2) 91(± 12) 90 (± 12)…”

Section: Dalt-typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.5-6.3 0.4 (± 0.1) 0.8 (± 0.9) 111 (± 128) 13 (± 11) 20 (± 14) 114 (± 36) 6-F-DALT 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0. 7-Me-DALT 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.6-6.7 0.1 (± 0.03) 5,6-MD-DALT (Dinger et al, 2014c) 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.5-6 0.3 (± 0.2) 26 (± 15) 58 (± 0.7) 58 (± 17) 0.4 (± 0.3) 15 (± 0.1)…”

Section: -Meo-daltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7-Me-DALT 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.6-6.7 0.1 (± 0.03) 5,6-MD-DALT (Dinger et al, 2014c) 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.5-6 0.3 (± 0.2) 26 (± 15) 58 (± 0.7) 58 (± 17) 0.4 (± 0.3) 15 (± 0.1)…”

Section: -Meo-daltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another newer tryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT), was associated with a fatal poisoning (Elliott and Evans, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class

et al. 2016

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R., Maurer, Hans H., Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class.Toxicology Letters http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet. 2015.11.013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  IC50 values were comparable to that of clinically relevant inhibitors. Members of the DALT family were strong inhibitors of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 activity. 5-MeO-DALT showed in vivo inhibition against CYP1A2 activity. ABSTRACTNew psychoactive substances (NPS) are not tested for their cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition potential before consumption. Therefore, this potential was explored for tryptamine-derived NPS (TDNPS) including alpha-methyl tryptamines (AMTs), dimethyl tryptamines (DMTs), diallyl tryptamines (DALTs), and diisopropyl tryptamines (DiPTs) using test substrates preferred by the Food and Drug Administration in a cocktail assay. All tested TDNPS with the exception of DMT inhibited CYP2D6 activity with IC50 values below 100 µM. DALTs inhibited CYP2D6 activity similar to paroxetine and quinidine and CYP1A2 activity comparable to fluvoxamine. 5-Methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine reduced in vivo the caffeine metabolism in rats consistent with in vitro results. Five of the AMTs also inhibited CYP1A2 activity comparable to amiodarone. AMT and 6-F-AMT inhibited CYP2A6 activity in the range of the test inhibitor tranylcypromine. CYP2B6 activity was inhibited by 19 tryptamines, but weakly compared to efavirenz. CYP2C8 activity was inhibited by five of the tested TDNPS and three showed values comparable to trimethoprim and gemfibrozil. Six tryptamines inhibited CYP2C9 and seven CYP2C19 activities comparable to fluconazole and chloramphenicol, respectively. Nineteen compounds showed inhibition of CYP2E1 and 18 of CYP3A activity, respectively. These results showed that the CYP inhibition by TDNPS might be clinically relevant, but clinical studies are needed to explore this further.

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“…DALT 0.14-1.7 (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2006;Wilson et al, 2005) 0.6-7.1 0.4 (± 0.1) 175 (± 105) 2.6 (± 2) 91(± 12) 90 (± 12)…”

Section: Dalt-typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Meo-daltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Meo-daltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another newer tryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT), was associated with a fatal poisoning (Elliott and Evans, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class

et al. 2016

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“…Although mephedrone has been implicated in a number of deaths and became illegal in Europe and the United States between 2010 and 2012 (Dargan et al, 2011;Gershman and Fass, 2012), it remains widely available for illicit use (Elliott and Evans, 2014;Kelly et al, 2013;Yamamoto et al, 2013) and users report similar psychoactive effects to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Mephedrone is a high-affinity substrate for the monoamine reuptake transporters for dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytrypatamine (5-HT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of serotonin and dopamine to changes in core body temperature and locomotor activity in rats following repeated administration of mephedrone

et al. 2015

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. (2015) Contribution of serotonin and dopamine to changes in core body temperature and locomotor activity in rats following repeated administration of mephedrone. Addiction Biology . ISSN 1355-6215Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30185/1/Shortall%202015%20AddictionBio.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

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Simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs including amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, piperazines, zolpidem and metabolites in human hair samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Shin

Kong

Cheong

et al. 2019

Biomedical Chromatography

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A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs and metabolites, including 19 benzodiazepines, 19 amphetamines, two opiates, eight opioids, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, zolpidem, three piperazines and 21 metabolites in human hair samples, was developed and validated. Ten‐milligram hair samples were decontaminated, pulverized using a ball mill, extracted with 1 mL of methanol spiked with 28 deuterated internal standards in an ultrasonic bath for 60 min at 50°C, and purified with Q‐sep dispersive solid‐phase extraction tubes. The purified extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 0.1 mL of 10% methanol. The 75 analytes were analyzed on an Acquity HSS T3 column using gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid and quantified in multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were linear (r ≥ 0.9951) from the lower limit of quantitation (2–200 pg/mg depending on the drug) to 2000 pg/mg. The coefficients of variation and accuracy for intra‐ and inter‐assay analysis at three QC levels were 4.3–12.9% and 89.2–109.1%, respectively. The overall mean recovery ranged from 87.1 to 105.3%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 11 forensic hair samples obtained from drug abusers.

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A 3-year review of new psychoactive substances in casework

Cited by 192 publications

References 23 publications

Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class

Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class

Contribution of serotonin and dopamine to changes in core body temperature and locomotor activity in rats following repeated administration of mephedrone

Simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs including amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, piperazines, zolpidem and metabolites in human hair samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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