“…A phase-locked loop (PLL) is an important building block in communication systems such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) [1,2,3,4,5]. Voltage-Control Oscillator (VCO) is a critical module of PLL, and its performance directly influences the performance of PLL [6,7,8,9]. The VCO gain, K VCO , is a key parameter that affects the loop bandwidth, stability, and phase noise [10,11,12].…”