A Bacteriophage-Based, Highly Efficacious, Needle- and Adjuvant-Free, Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccine

Zhu, Jingen; Jain, Swati; Sha, Jian; Batra, Himanshu; Ananthaswamy, Neeti; Kilgore, Paul B.; Hendrix, Emily K.; Hosakote, Yashoda Madaiah; Wu, Xianghua; Olano, Juan P.; Kayode, Adeyemi; Galindo, Cristi L.; Banga, Simran; Drelich, Aleksandra; Tat, Vivian; Tseng, Chien-Te K.; Chopra, Ashok K.; Rao, Venigalla B.

doi:10.1128/mbio.01822-22

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For instance, some stability tests revealed that T4 was stable for at least ten weeks at room temperature. Therefore, a cold chain is not required to distribute vaccines based on T4 [ 40 ]. Phage DNA vaccines allow gene expression and protein folding in eukaryotic cells, and the eukaryotic expression cassette is protected from degradation [ 85 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization

Palma¹

2023

Vaccines

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Because vaccine development is a difficult process, this study reviews aspects of phages as vaccine delivery vehicles through a literature search. The results demonstrated that because phages have adjuvant properties and are safe for humans and animals, they are an excellent vaccine tool for protein and epitope immunization. The phage genome can easily be manipulated to display antigens or create DNA vaccines. Additionally, they are easy to produce on a large scale, which lowers their manufacturing costs. They are stable under various conditions, which can facilitate their transport and storage. However, no medicine regulatory agency has yet authorized phage-based vaccines despite the considerable preclinical data confirming their benefits. The skeptical perspective of phages should be overcome because humans encounter bacteriophages in their environment all the time without suffering adverse effects. The lack of clinical trials, endotoxin contamination, phage composition, and long-term negative effects are some obstacles preventing the development of phage vaccines. However, their prospects should be promising because phages are safe in clinical trials; they have been authorized as a food additive to avoid food contamination and approved for emergency use in phage therapy against difficult-to-treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this encourages the use of phages in vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mice became protected against a deadly dose of the original SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant. Additionally, this vaccine was stable at room temperature and did not affect the microbiome [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization

Palma¹

2023

Vaccines

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“…Phage T4, the best-characterized phage studied to date, belongs to the Straboviridae family [ 6 ] ( (accessed on 1 October 2022)) and infects the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and closely related Shigella species [ 33 ]. T4 capsid, a 120 nm long and 86 nm wide prolate icosahedron, encapsidates a ~171 kbp linear, double-stranded DNA genome, and its exterior is decorated with Hoc (highly antigenic outer capsid protein) and Soc (small outer capsid protein) nonessential proteins ( Figure 1 A), which can be fused with foreign proteins for various biomedical applications [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. T4’s circularly permuted genome consists of ~289 protein coding sequences and encodes 40 structural proteins, with most of them involved in tail assembly ( Figure 1 B) [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Molecular and Structural Insight Of The Interaction Between ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key “Blueprint” for Reprogramming Phage Host Range

Mourosi

Awe

Guo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Bacteriophages (phages), as natural antibacterial agents, are being rediscovered because of the growing threat of multi- and pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens globally. However, with an estimated 1031 phages on the planet, finding the right phage to recognize a specific bacterial host is like looking for a needle in a trillion haystacks. The host range of a phage is primarily determined by phage tail fibers (or spikes), which initially mediate reversible and specific recognition and adsorption by susceptible bacteria. Recent significant advances at single-molecule and atomic levels have begun to unravel the structural organization of tail fibers and underlying mechanisms of phage–host interactions. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and models of the tail fibers of the well-characterized T4 phage’s interaction with host surface receptors. Structure–function knowledge of tail fibers will pave the way for reprogramming phage host range and will bring future benefits through more-effective phage therapy in medicine. Furthermore, the design strategies of tail fiber engineering are briefly summarized, including machine-learning-assisted engineering inspired by the increasingly enormous amount of phage genetic information.

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“…T4 phage is noninfectious in humans and has demonstrated safety in clinical trials of phage therapy approaches (Sarker et al, 2012(Sarker et al, , 2016(Sarker et al, , 2017. The T4 vectored vaccine is stable for at least 10 weeks at ambient temperature and together with the low cost of phage production offers attractive prospects as a mucosal nanovaccine particularly for developing countries (Zhu, Jain, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Do we need nasal vaccines against COVID 19 to suppress the transmission of infections?

Brüssow

2022

Microbial Biotechnology

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Do we need new vaccines against COVID-19? In view of highly efficient, approved, widely distributed and safe vaccines, the question might seem rather rhetorical. It is key to emphasize that the availability of efficient vaccines against COVID-19 is a triumph of fundamental research, industrial development and public health efforts. Eight vaccine types have been approved for global use by the World Health Organization (WHO). They represent four different vaccine platforms: inactivated viruses (developed in China and India), mRNA vaccines (developed in US and Germany),

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A Bacteriophage-Based, Highly Efficacious, Needle- and Adjuvant-Free, Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccine

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 may have caused ~15-million deaths across the globe and is still ravaging the world. Another wave of ~100 million infections is predicted in the United States due to the emergence of highly transmissible immune-escaped Omicron variants.

Cited by 23 publications

References 91 publications

Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization

Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization

Understanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key “Blueprint” for Reprogramming Phage Host Range

Do we need nasal vaccines against COVID 19 to suppress the transmission of infections?

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