Abstract:The measurable properties of the artifacts or objects in the computer, management, or finance disciplines are extrinsic, not inherent -dependent on their problem definitions and solution instantiations. Only after the instantiation can the solutions to the problem be measured. The processes of definition, instantiation, and measurement are entangled, and they have complex mutual influences. Meanwhile, the technology inertia brings instantiation bias -trapped into a subspace or even a point at a highdimension s… Show more
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