“…The benefits of the integration of some supply chain decisions have been realized by many researchers. The problem of integrated location-inventory-routing (LIR) has been addressed by previous scholars (for example see Guerrero, Prodhon, Velasco, & Amaya, 2013 ; Zhalechian, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Zahiri, & Mohammadi, 2016 ; Zhang, Qi, Miao, & Liu, 2014 ; Zhao & Ke, 2017 ; Angazi, 2016 ; Habibi, Asadi, & Sadjadi, 2018 ; Asadi, Habibi, Nickel, & Sahebi, 2018 ; Zheng, Yin, & Zhang, 2019 ; Indah Saragih, Bahagia, & Syabri, 2019 ; Karakostas, Sifaleras, & Georgiadis, 2019 ). One of the significant issues in LIR problems is the perishability of products meaning that the quality and freshness of the products reduce over time and finally, the products are no longer useable if the reach their expiry date.…”