A Biasing and Demodulation System for Kilopixel TES Bolometer Arrays

Smecher, G.; Aubin, F.; Bissonnette, Eric; Dobbs, M.; Hyland, P.; MacDermid, Kevin

doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2161012

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…FDM is a technique by which the individual signals are transmitted in a single channel by shifting each signal into a separate frequency band. All the 30 amplitude-modulated carrier currents flowing through their respective TESs are summed into a single channel and finally demodulated to recover each individual TES signal [3,4,5,6]. This concept is analogous to the transmission of multiple analog voice signals over a single channel by shifting each signal to a unique frequency subband in a frequency division multiplexed telephone system 35 [7].…”

Section: Fdm By Convolution/deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of deconvolution to recover frequency-domain multiplexed detector pulses

Mishra¹,

Mattingly²,

Kolbas³

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Multiplexing of radiation detectors reduces the number of readout channels, which in turn reduces the number of digitizer input channels for data acquisition.We recently demonstrated frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) of pulse mode radiation detectors using a resonator that converts the detector signal into a damped sinusoid by convolution. The detectors were given unique "tags" by the oscillation frequency of each resonator. The charge collected and the timeof-arrival of the detector pulse were estimated from the corresponding resonator output in the frequency domain.were used. Coincidence measurements with Na-22 using the deconvolved pulses resulted in a timing uncertainty of 617 ps compared to an uncertainty of 603 ps using the original pulses. Pulse shape discrimination was also performed using Cf-252 source and EJ-309 organic scintillator pulses recovered by deconvolution.A figure of merit value of 1.08 was observed when the recovered pulses were used compared to 1.2 for the original pulses.Keywords: frequency domain multiplexing, convolution/deconvolution, organic scintillators, CeBr 3 inorganic scintillators from the amplitude of the damped sinusoid discussed in [1].

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Section: Fdm By Convolution/deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of deconvolution to recover frequency-domain multiplexed detector pulses

Mishra¹,

Mattingly²,

Kolbas³

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The custom firmware and digital signal processing techniques that were used for the legacy DfMux application are described in Smecher et al (2012a). Since then, a new DSP strategy that uses polyphase filter banks (PFBs) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) to modulate kHz-frequency sinusoids up to the required frequency, and demodulate sky signals down from the carrier frequency to baseband, has been implemented.…”

Section: ) and The Balloon-borne E And B Experiments (Ebexmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System

Bandura

Bender

Cliche

et al. 2016

J. Astron. Instrum.

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Received (to be inserted by publisher); Revised (to be inserted by publisher); Accepted (to be inserted by publisher);We present an overview of the 'ICE' hardware and software framework that implements large arrays of interconnected field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data acquisition, signal processing and networking nodes economically. The system was conceived for application to radio, millimeter and sub-millimeter telescope readout systems that have requirements beyond typical off-the-shelf processing systems, such as careful control of interference signals produced by the digital electronics, and clocking of all elements in the system from a single precise observatory-derived oscillator. A new generation of telescopes operating at these frequency bands and designed with a vastly increased emphasis on digital signal processing to support their detector multiplexing technology or high-bandwidth correlators-data rates exceeding a terabyte per second-are becoming common. The ICE system is built around a custom FPGA motherboard that makes use of an Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA and ARMbased co-processor. The system is specialized for specific applications through software, firmware, and custom mezzanine daughter boards that interface to the FPGA through the industry-standard FPGA mezzanine card (FMC) specifications. For high density applications, the motherboards are packaged in 16-slot crates with ICE backplanes that implement a low-cost passive full-mesh network between the motherboards in a crate, allow high bandwidth interconnection between crates, and enable data offload to a computer cluster. A Python-based control software library automatically detects and operates the hardware in the array. Examples of specific telescope applications of the ICE framework are presented, namely the frequency-multiplexed bolometer readout systems used for the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Simons Array and the digitizer, F-engine, and networking engine for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) radio interferometers.

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“…The resistance of each bolometer changes in response to the incident sky signal, amplitude modulating the carrier such that sky signals appear in sidebands of the carrier frequency. 10 The signals from all 16 bolometers on the same multiplexed module are summed at the SQUID input coil. In addition, a nuller comb is injected at the SQUID input coil which contains tones at the same frequency as those in the carrier comb, but 180 o out of phase.…”

Section: Readout Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX)

et al. 2014

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EBEX is a balloon-borne telescope designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. During its eleven day science flight in the Austral Summer of 2012, it operated 955 spider-web transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers separated into bands at 150, 250 and 410 GHz. This is the first time that an array of TES bolometers has been used on a balloon platform to conduct science observations. Polarization sensitivity was provided by a wire grid and continuously rotating half-wave plate. The balloon implementation of the bolometer array and readout electronics presented unique development requirements. Here we present an outline of the readout system, the remote tuning of the bolometers and Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifiers, and preliminary current noise of the bolometer array and readout system.

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A Biasing and Demodulation System for Kilopixel TES Bolometer Arrays

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Application of deconvolution to recover frequency-domain multiplexed detector pulses

Application of deconvolution to recover frequency-domain multiplexed detector pulses

ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System

The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX)

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