A biochemical scheme for the separation of the five varieties of Streptococcus mutans

Shklair, I.L.; Keene, Harris J.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(74)90099-5

Cited by 225 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The ability of wild-type and mutant strains of S . mutans to ferment carbohydrates was tested by inoculating wells of a microtitre tray containing Purple Broth Base (16 g l -l , Difco) and Thioglycollate medium (24 g l -l , Difco) with appropriate sugars at 1 % (w/v) and incubating anaerobically at 37 "C (Shklair & Keene, 1974).…”

Section: Reagents Isopropyl B-d-thiogalactopyranoside ( I Ptg) and 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans -galactosidase

Aduse-Opoku

Tao

Ferretti

et al. 1991

Journal of General Microbiology

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~ ~ ~~The aga gene coding for a-galactosidase in Streptococcus mutans was detected in a recombinant gene library constructed in phage A. The gene was subcloned into plasmid vectors and shown to specify a novel protein of M, 8OOOO. Characterization of a-galactosidase from S. mutans and from recombinant Escherichia coli expressing aga indicated that the enzyme functions as a tetramer. The amino acid composition of the a-galactosidase, deduced from nucleotide sequencing of aga, gave a predicted M, of 82022 and revealed regions of homology to agalactosidases encoded by the E. coli Raf plasmids and by Bacillus stearothermophilus. Inactivation of the aga gene in S. mutans resulted in loss of all a-galactosidase activity and abolished the ability to ferment melibiose; aglucosidase activity was also lost, due to an indirect effect on the dexB gene.

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Section: Reagents Isopropyl B-d-thiogalactopyranoside ( I Ptg) and 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans -galactosidase

Aduse-Opoku

Tao

Ferretti

et al. 1991

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…A similar grouping was obtained by Russell (1 976), based on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell proteins. Strains of S. mutans have also been classified according to their responses to biochemical tests (Perch et al, 1974;Shklair & Keene, 1974). The latter authors defined five biotypes which generally conformed to the serotypes defined by Bratthall(l970).…”

Section: N T R O D U C Ti 0 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Serotype h from Dental Plaque of Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Beighton

Russell

Hayday³

1981

Microbiology

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A new serotype (h) of Streptococcus mutans was isolated from the dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Serotype h strains fermented mannitol and melibiose but not sorbitol or raffinose, failed to hydrolyse aesculin and arginine, did not produce hydrogen peroxide and were unable to grow in the presence of bacitracin at 2 units ml-l. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins showed serotype h strains to be closely related to strains of genetic group I11 (i.e. serotypes d and g). The serotype-specific antigen of serotype h contained glucose and galactose but was antigenically distinct from the polysaccharide antigens of serotypes a, d and g. Serotype h strains preferentially colonized developmental grooves of teeth and the proportion of serotype h in the plaque flora was greater in monkeys fed a sucrose-rich diet than in monkeys fed a starch-based diet. A serotype h strain was cariogenic for germ-free rats fed a high-sucrose diet, and serotype h strains appear to be implicated in the caries process in monkeys.

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“…cricetus are susceptible to bacitracin (2 U/ml) (33). As with S. rattus, the animal from which the species was first isolated may have been infected through contact with humans.…”

Section: Streptococcus Cricetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition

Coykendall

1977

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

170

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It is proposed to confer species rank to the genetically distinct streptococci that have been considered subspecies of Streptococcus mutans Clarke: S . mutans subsp. rattus Coykendall, S. mutans subsp. cricetus Coykendall, and S . mutans subsp. sobrinus Coykendall. S , mutans is defined to exclude phenotypically similar bacteria that have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) guanine plup Oytosine contents appreciably different from 36 to 38 mol% and/or that do not demonstrate DNA base-sequence homology with the type strain. Streptococci that resemble S. mutans but that are quite disparate in molecular constitution are here regarded as comprising four new species: S. rattus (Coykendall) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization differences in lactate dehydrogenases among (32) and the analysis of enzymes by serological three of the genospecies in respect to the enand electrophoretic methods have provided new zyme's kinetic response to pyruvate (5). He also approaches to bacterial taxonomy and fostered demonstrated electrophoretic differences in a molecular concept of species (27, 34). Thus, mannitol-and sorbitol-1-phosphate dehydroone may now define a species as a bacterium genases (4). Using serological methods, London that has a unique overall sequence of nucleo-found that aldolases of "S. mutans" were hetertide bases in its chromosome and a complement ogeneous and concluded that "S. mutans" inof enzymes characteristic of that species. Put cluded "divergent groups" of organisms (26). simply, we expect members of a species to not Heterogeneity has also been observed in polyonly "look alike" and "act alike," but also to be saccharide-synthesizing enzymes (7, 28) and in constructed of, and controlled by, molecules invertase (J. M. Tamer et al., J. Dent. Res., vol that are alike. Thus, members of a species 54, special issue A; Abstr. 53rd Gen. Session should be molecularly homologous. Bacteria Inter. Assoc. Dent. Res., 1975). S. mutans genthat are molecularly disparate should not be ospecies correlate well with the serological called by the same species name. groups described by Bratthall (2). Additional Some organisms reported to resemble Strep-serogroups found by Perch et al. (30) seem to tococcus mutans Clarke 1924 (8) are phenotypi-represent variants within the genospecies (12). cally quite similar (6,16,17,30) but are molecu-Differences have been observed in cell wall carlarly heterogeneous. Analysis of their DNA bohydrates among some genospecies (24), and base-sequence similarities has shown the exist-some morphological differences have been reence of four genetic groups (ll), which we call ported (13). "genospecies," a term introduced by Ravin (31).It is clear that "S. mutans" is actually a DNA from strains within each genospecies hy-group of streptococci, but, because of the overall bridized almost completely, but DNA from biochemical similarity of all S. mutans strains, strains of different genospecies hybridized it was proposed to conserve the nomenspecies poorly (10,ll). Furthermore, intergroup hybrid "Streptoc...

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A biochemical scheme for the separation of the five varieties of Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 225 publications

References 5 publications

Biochemical and genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans -galactosidase

Biochemical and genetic analysis of Streptococcus mutans -galactosidase

The Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Serotype h from Dental Plaque of Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition

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