A biochemometrics strategy for tracing diuretic components of crude and processed Alisma orientale based on quantitative determination and pharmacological evaluation

Abstract

We proposed a biochemometrics strategy for tracing diuretic components of herbs based on quantitative determination and pharmacological evaluation. First, a sensitive and robust liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry approach was established for simultaneous quantification of six major triterpenoids in crude and salt‐processed Alisma orientale. The separation of triterpenoids was achieved on a BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water spiked with 0.1% formic acid. Six major triterpenoids were detected by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ion mode. Glycyrrhetinic acid was used as the internal standard. The approach showed good linearity. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were all within 2.9%. The recovery rates of each triterpenoid ranged from 97.9% to 103.2%. The approach was then successfully employed for quantitative analysis of six triterpenoids in ten batches of crude and salt‐processed A. orientale. Second, the diuretic effects of crude and salt‐processed A. orientale were evaluated in mice. Third, principal component analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to uncover the relationship between the contents of six major triterpenoids and the diuretic effect of different crude and salt‐processed samples. Alisol B, alisol F, and alisol A have a close positive correlation with the diuretic effect.

Changes in Triterpenes in Alismatis rhizoma after Processing Based on Targeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

“…In addition, the contents of type I (compound 48 , 50 , 54 , 56 , 62 , 70 , and 81 ) and type III (compound 26 , 30 , 40 , 58 , and 103 ) triterpenes with hydroxyl or acetyl groups at C 23 , C 24 , and C 25 were significantly reduced after salt-processing. It was reported that the compounds with substituting groups, such as hydroxyl and acetyl groups, would lose H 2 O and AcOH under high temperature [ 16 , 19 ]. Moreover, there was the evidence suggesting that the total contents of triterpenes were decreased with the baking temperature increasing, especially when the temperature was above 80 °C [ 20 ].…”

“…During the processing, complicated changes in herbal components may occur, and the pharmacological activity of a certain herbal medicine may be changed accordingly [ 1 ]. Previous studies demonstrated that SAR showed a better hepatoprotective activity and diuretic effect than crude AR [ 16 , 26 ]. This phenomenon also occurs in other salt-processed plant medicine [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Previous studies indicated that the hydroxyl and acetyl groups on the side chain of triterpene were the essential groups to exert lipid-lowering effect [ 29 , 30 ]. For example, alisol A (compound 79 ) is one of the main active triterpenes in AR and possesses many biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, lipid regulating, and diuretic effects [ 16 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It showed a similarity in the pattern of content changes in SAR and BAR (the fold change value of SAR and BAR was 1.849 and 1.566, respectively).…”

“…A previous study reported that the discrimination of eight triterpenes in AR from different regions [ 15 ]. Moreover, recent studies revealed the correlation between the contents of six major triterpenes and the diuretic effect of AR and SAR [ 16 ]. However, up to now, quite a few studies have systematically elucidated the influence of different processing methods in the triterpenes between AR, SAR, and BAR.…”

Alisma genus: Phytochemical constituents, biosynthesis, and biological activities

“…Among them, the extract of A. orientale (IC 50 = 22.0 μg/ml) had a strong inhibitory effect against the Na + /K + ‐ATPase of kidney (Satoh et al, 1991). Tao et al obtained alisols A, B, and F from A. orientale and found that they had diuretic effects (Tao, Jiang, Yan, & Cai, 2020). Subsequently, Zhang et al evaluated the diuretic effects of total triterpenoids of A. orientale .…”