A Biomimetic Se‐nHA/PC Composite Microsphere with Synergistic Immunomodulatory and Osteogenic Ability to Activate Bone Regeneration in Periodontitis

Abstract

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontitis exacerbates the destruction of alveolar bone. Therefore, scavenging ROS to reshape the periodontal microenvironment, alleviate the inflammatory response and promote endogenous stem cell osteogenic differentiation may be an effective strategy for treating bone resorption in periodontitis. In this study, sericin‐hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Se‐nHA NPs) are synthesized using a biomimetic mineralization method. Se‐nHA NPs and proanthocyanidins (PC) are then encapsulated in sericin/sodium alginate (Se/SA) using an electrostatic injection technique to prepare Se‐nHA/PC microspheres. Microspheres are effective in scavenging ROS, inhibiting the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 type, and inducing the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 type. In normal or macrophage‐conditioned media, the Se‐nHA/PC microspheres effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Furthermore, the Se‐nHA/PC microspheres demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects in a periodontitis rat model by scavenging ROS and suppressing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The Se‐nHA/PC microspheres are also distinguished by their capacity to decrease alveolar bone loss, reduce osteoclast activity, and boost osteogenic factor expression. Therefore, the biomimetic Se‐nHA/PC composite microspheres have efficient ROS‐scavenging, anti‐inflammatory, and osteogenic abilities and can be used as a multifunctional filling material for inflammatory periodontal tissue regeneration.

Multifunctional Microneedle Patch Based on Metal-Phenolic Network with Photothermal Antimicrobial, ROS Scavenging, Immunomodulatory, and Angiogenesis for Programmed Treatment of Diabetic Wound Healing

“…Immunofluorescence (IF) staining is used to detect the expression of CD206 and iNOS in RAW264.7 . In summary, the cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, permeabilized for 10 min with 0.1% Triton X-100, and then blocked for 30 min with 10% goat serum.…”

“…Immunofluorescence (IF) staining is used to detect the expression of CD206 and iNOS in RAW264.7. 26 In summary, the cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, permeabilized for 10 min with 0.1% Triton X-100, and then blocked for 30 min with 10% goat serum. Subsequently, the cells were cultured for 12 h at 4 °C using rabbit anti-iNOS (1:50, Proteintech, China) and rabbit anti-CD206 (1:50, Proteintech, China).…”

Nanofibrous Microspheres: A Biomimetic Platform for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“… Immunomodulatory factors: They modulate the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), to promote a regenerative immune phenotype . They enhance the resolution of inflammation, promote the switch from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage phenotypes, and promote the recruitment of immune cells that support tissue repair and regeneration. , Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes tissue repair. It modulates the immune response by suppressing the activation and function of macrophages and T cells .…”