A Biotreatment Effect on Dynamics of Cattle Manure Composition and Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Agriculture

Abstract

Increasing control of localized air pollution caused by ammonia is identified, including limiting the maximum emissions from agriculture. In EU countries, the agricultural sector is the source of above 94% of the total anthropogenic emissions of ammonia, of which manure removal systems account for 56%. In view of the reason for the agricultural waste management by formation and propagation of ammonia gas—the bacterial and enzymatic degradation of organic components in excrement—it is important to evaluate the effect of biotreatment of 100% natural composition (contain Azospirillum sp. (N) (number of bacterial colonies −1 × 109 cm−3), Frateuria aurentia (K) (number of bacterial colonies −1 × 109 cm−3), Bacillus megaterium (P) (bacterial colony count −1 × 109 cm−3), seaweed extract (10% by volume), phytohormones, auxins, cytokinin, gibberellins, amino acids, and vitamins) on the emission of ammonia from organic waste. Experimental research was carried out to determine significant differences of dynamics in agrochemical composition of manure, NH3 gas emissions, depending on biotreatment, manure storage duration, and ventilation intensity of the barn. Gas emission was obtained via laser gas analyzer using a spectroscopic method in a specially reconstructed wind tunnel chamber. About 32% manure biotreatment effect on reduction of ammonia emissions was established. The maximum effect of the biodegradable compound on gaseous propagation was assessed after 28–35 days of manure storage and proved all biotreatment effect time of 49–56 days. By the saving nitrogen loses priority, manure biotreatment could reduce nitrogen losses from manure and inorganic N fertilizers by approximately 5%, also could reduce approximately 5911.1 thousand tones nitrogen fertilizer in the world and reduce approximately 5.5 Eur ha−1. “The biotreatment impact assessment confirmed that proper application of biotreatment can reduce ammonia emissions from manure and environmental pollution from agriculture”.

Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

“…During heat, it is recommended to cool the air in the barn or use biological manure treatment that reduces ammonia emissions by more than 30%. The maximum effect of the biological treatment of manure on ammonia emissions occurs after 28-35 days [39].…”

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

“…Furthermore, modeling of the operation of the barn recuperative ventilation system with air flow adsorption equipment in livestock farms showed that the required microclimate in the barn is ensured [25]. The control group received cooling sessions according to a pre-determined schedule, a method commonly used on farms; and an experimental group that received a sensor-based (SB) cooling mode.…”

Influence of Gypsum-Containing Waste on Ammonia Binding in Animal Waste Composting

“…The field of attenuation of biological processes of nitrification and denitrification, the course of which is accompanied by an increase in temperature (Figure 5) and a change in pH (Figure 6), the active phase of ammonia emission begins, in our case after 56 days. Usually this phase is accompanied by the release of an unpleasant odor and negative impact on the atmospheric air [1][2][3]. However, the introduction of citrogypsum into the compost makes it possible to bind the released ammonia according to the Formula (1), which explains the increase in the nitrogen content in the compost (Figure 7b).…”

“…Animal waste is a significant factor that negatively affects the environment. This, in particular, is expressed in the formation of greenhouse gases, an unpleasant odor, the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, etc., which actually worsens the ecological situation [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…Losses of nitrogen (volatilization of ammonia) that occur during composting of chicken manure can be up to 62% within 1.5-2 months. Volatilization of ammonia during composting is, on the one hand, a negative environmental factor, and on the other hand, it reduces the quality of the resulting fertilizer due to its depletion with nitrogen [3][4][5]. In general, when using various composting methods, it is necessary to take into account four key aspects-environmental, economic, social and technical, including, among other things, negative factors of the process [15].…”