A brief overview about the adipokine: Isthmin-1

Hu, Min; Zhang, Xin; Hu, Cheng; Teng, Teng; Tang, Qi‐Zhu

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.939757

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The human ISM2 gene is located on chromosome 14q24.3 and encodes for Isthmin 2 (also known as Thrombospondin and AMOP containing Isthmin-like 1, TAIL1), which is present in three different isoforms [ 185 ]. Isthmin 2 belongs to the isthmin family, a group of secreted proteins [ 186 ] characterized by an N-terminal SP, a central Thrombospondin-1 (TSR1) domain and C-terminal Adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and Other Proteins (AMOP) domain, as well as multiple sites of C-mannosylation and N-glycosilation [ 187 ]. The two different human isthmin genes, ISM1 and ISM2 , encode for secreted proteins of 50 and 64 kDa respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two different human isthmin genes, ISM1 and ISM2 , encode for secreted proteins of 50 and 64 kDa respectively. Isthmin 1 structure and functions have been investigated in different contexts, reporting both angiogenic and anti-angiogenic activities [ 188 , 189 , 190 ] as well as a pleiotropic role as adipokine [ 186 , 191 ], while Isthmin 2 is still poorly characterised. Isthmin 2 structure suggests a possible angiogenic activity, since, besides Isthmin 1, the only other proteins in the human genome that feature a C-terminal AMOP domain—namely, Mucin 4 Cell Surface Associated (MUC4) and Sushi Domain Vontaining 2 (SUSD2)—are important elements in angiogenesis [ 185 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Labyrinthine Landscape of APP Processing: State of the Art and Possible Novel Soluble APP-Related Molecular Players in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration

Masi

Biundo

Fiou

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its cleavage processes have been widely investigated in the past, in particular in the context of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Evidence of an increased expression of APP and its amyloidogenic-related cleavage enzymes, β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, at the hit axon terminals following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), firstly suggested a correlation between TBI and AD. Indeed, mild and severe TBI have been recognised as influential risk factors for different neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In the present work, we describe the state of the art of APP proteolytic processing, underlining the different roles of its cleavage fragments in both physiological and pathological contexts. Considering the neuroprotective role of the soluble APP alpha (sAPPα) fragment, we hypothesised that sAPPα could modulate the expression of genes of interest for AD and TBI. Hence, we present preliminary experiments addressing sAPPα-mediated regulation of BACE1, Isthmin 2 (ISM2), Tetraspanin-3 (TSPAN3) and the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFA), each discussed from a biological and pharmacological point of view in AD and TBI. We finally propose a neuroprotective interaction network, in which the Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) and the signalling cascade of PKCβII/nELAV/VEGF play hub roles, suggesting that vasculogenic-targeting therapies could be a feasible approach for vascular-related brain injuries typical of AD and TBI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Labyrinthine Landscape of APP Processing: State of the Art and Possible Novel Soluble APP-Related Molecular Players in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration

Masi

Biundo

Fiou

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is part of the ISM1 and ISM2 gene families of isthmins. The gene of ISM1 is found on chromosome ( 20) and encodes a (~60kDa ) protein and containing (499) amino acids [11]. Isthmin-1 signaling depends on PI3K and combines phosphorylation targets with the insulin signaling.…”

Section: Isthmin-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the role of novel adipokine Isthmin-1 and Subfatin in human type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ahmed abed,

Othman Farhan,

Noori Salman

et al. 2023

UTJsci

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Adipokines are essential for maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic balance. The term "adipokines" refers to peptides in the pancreas, brain, vascular system, liver, immune system and muscle. adipokines regulate numbers of factors, such as energy expenditure, hunger, satiety, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and fat distribution, and that might make them play a role in future pharmacological treatment strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases. Isthmin-1 (Ism-1) is a recently discovered insulin-like adipokine that suppresses hepatic lipids. According to recent research, Ism-1 can enhance lipid metabolism and treat metabolic disorders linked to type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). The primary source of the protein subfatin (SUB) is white adipose tissue. Subfatin (SUB) is expressed in these following tissues: adipose tissue, brain tissue, thymus gland, liver, activated human monocytes, spleen, omental adipose tissue, muscle, salivary glands and heart tissues. The SUB lowers insulin resistance to control glucose metabolism. Isthmian-1 is a novel biomarker for early management and diagnosis of T2DM and has a beneficial effect in glucose homeostasis and might be therapeutic for diabetes. Subfatin also plays a role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, so it has significant effect in pathogenesis and complication of diabetes.

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“…It belongs to the isthmin gene family, which includes ISM1 and ISM2. The ISM1 gene is located on chromosome 20 and encodes a ~60 kDa protein containing 499 amino acids [ 113 ]. Isthmin 1 signaling is PI3K-dependent and shares phosphorylation targets with insulin signaling; these most likely occur via yet-unidentified receptor tyrosine kinase but not via the insulin receptor or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [ 114 ].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Adipokines In Obesity and Its Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity

Kirichenko

Markina

Bogatyreva

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Adipokines are currently widely studied cellular signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue and involved in various processes, including inflammation; energy and appetite modulation; lipid and glucose metabolism; insulin sensitivity; endothelial cell functioning; angiogenesis; the regulation of blood pressure; and hemostasis. The current review attempted to highlight the key functions of adipokines in the inflammatory mechanisms of obesity, its complications, and its associated diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity was conducted online using the PubMed and Scopus databases until October 2022.

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A brief overview about the adipokine: Isthmin-1

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

The Labyrinthine Landscape of APP Processing: State of the Art and Possible Novel Soluble APP-Related Molecular Players in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration

The Labyrinthine Landscape of APP Processing: State of the Art and Possible Novel Soluble APP-Related Molecular Players in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration

A review on the role of novel adipokine Isthmin-1 and Subfatin in human type 2 diabetes mellitus

The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity

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