A Brief Review on Nanoparticles: Types of Platforms, Biological Synthesis and Applications

Anwar, Saad

doi:10.4172/2321-6212.1000222

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…1 c ). Similar to the present investigation, many reports are available reporting the spherical shape of AgNPs fabricated by using various plants [9, 12, 28]. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) is used to identify the elemental composition of materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Hence, the natural compounds present in the aqueous leaf extract function as reducing and capping agent. Since the past decade, AgNPs are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food, agriculture, cosmetics, paints, textiles, electronics and so on [6, 12]. As silver metal is being used as a potent antimicrobial agent in many forms such as in dental treatment, skin burning, in bandages, to clean water and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line

Mittal

Pal

Sharma

et al. 2020

IET nanobiotechnol.

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Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extract is a cheap, easily accessible and natural process in which the phyto-constituents of the plants act as capping, stabilising and reducing agent. The present study explored the biosynthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia and characterised via various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. Here, TEM confirmed the spherical morphology with 25-50 nm size of synthesised AgNPs. Further, anticancer efficiency of AgNPs synthesised using T. cordifolia leaves were evaluated against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 by MTT, trypan blue assay, apoptotic morphological changes using Annexin V-FITC and Propidium iodide (PI), nuclear morphological changes by DAPI (4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Results confirmed the AgNPs synthesised using T. cordifolia leaves are found to be highly toxic against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line

Mittal

Pal

Sharma

et al. 2020

IET nanobiotechnol.

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“…The synthetic process should consider constraints of large-scale production, stability, cost, and toxicity. Methodologies involving physical synthesis can be expensive, particularly due to the equipment used for electronic excitation (Haroon Anwar, 2018 ). Inorganic solvents used in the chemical reduction are highly toxic, including citrate, borohydride, thioglycerol, and 2-mercaptoethanol (Zhang X.-F. et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Nps and The Development Of A New Therapeutic Approach And Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapies and Vaccines Based on Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections

Kischkel

Rossi

Santos

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Treatment modalities for systemic mycoses are still limited. Currently, the main antifungal therapeutics include polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. However, even in the setting of appropriate administration of antifungals, mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Moreover, antifungal therapy is expensive, treatment periods can range from weeks to years, and toxicity is also a serious concern. In recent years, the increased number of immunocompromised individuals has contributed to the high global incidence of systemic fungal infections. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates, the complexity of treatment strategies, drug toxicity, and the worldwide burden of disease, there is a need for new and efficient therapeutic means to combat invasive mycoses. One promising avenue that is actively being pursued is nanotechnology, to develop new antifungal therapies and efficient vaccines, since it allows for a targeted delivery of drugs and antigens, which can reduce toxicity and treatment costs. The goal of this review is to discuss studies using nanoparticles to develop new therapeutic options, including vaccination methods, to combat systemic mycoses caused by Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Paracoccidioides sp., Histoplasma sp., Coccidioides sp., and Aspergillus sp., in addition to providing important information on the use of different types of nanoparticles, nanocarriers and their corresponding mechanisms of action.

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“…For detailed studies, confocal laser scanning microscope was applied. In a previous study [14], we performed basic tests for core-shell structure validation. With CLSM, only the range of the size can be estimated.…”

Section: Fluorescent Behavior Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They remain stable during long term storage and are able to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Their high carrier capacity is combined with efficient carrier protection sustaining its activity [14]. On the other hand, there are various NP systems with the same basic material used in the whole particle; however, the layer-by-layer production-this process is also called "seed-growth" [15,16]-allows for the incorporation of different agents into chosen layers, e.g., fluorophores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Submicron-Sized Poly(heptafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate) Particles with Long-Term Stability

et al. 2020

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Fluorescent submicron particles of fluorinated methacrylate (HFMBA) with long-term stability have been synthesized and characterized with regard to their potential applications. Rhodamine B (RBITC) isothiocyanate was used as the fluorescent component. The core–shell structure of the particles effectively protected the dye against bleaching. HFBMA nanoparticle (NP) stability was confirmed after seven years of storage. Only slight differences were found in the polydispersity index (pdi) from 0.002 to 0.010. Particle size measurements were carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking (NTA), and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The hydrodynamic diameter evaluated by different methods were in good agreement, respectively: 184–550 nm, 218–579 nm, and 236–508 nm. Particle and core morphology was estimated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The ability to recognize particles in 3D as a reference sample in biological media has been confirmed by epifluorescence optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and super-resolution confocal microscopy (STED).

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A Brief Review on Nanoparticles: Types of Platforms, Biological Synthesis and Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line

Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line

Therapies and Vaccines Based on Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections

Fluorescent Submicron-Sized Poly(heptafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate) Particles with Long-Term Stability

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