A broadly protective CHO cell expressed recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine (IMT-CVAX) against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Protective immunity induced by COVID-19 vaccines is mediated mainly by spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we report the development of a recombinant prefusion stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-subunit-based COVID-19 vaccine produced in the mammalian cell line. The gene encoding ectodomain (ECD) of the spike protein was engineered and cloned into Freedom pCHO 1.0, a mammalian expression vector, and subsequently expressed in the Chinese Hamster Ovary suspension cell line (CHO-S).The recombinant S protein ectodomain (hereafter referred to as IMT-CVAX) was purified using a combination of tangential flow filtration and liquid chromatography. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of IMT-CVAX was done to ensure its vital quality attributes. Intramuscular immunization of mice with two doses of adjuvanted IMT-CVAX elicited a strong anti-Spike IgG response.In pseudovirus-based assays, IMT-CVAX immune mice sera exhibited a broad-spectrum neutralization of several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). Golden Syrian Hamster immunized with IMT-CVAX provided excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, hamster immune sera neutralized the live SARS-CoV-2 virus.The adjuvanted IMT-CVAX induced robust Tfh-cells response and germinal center (GC) reaction in human ACE2 receptor-expressing transgenic mice. The findings of this study may pave the way for developing next-generation protein subunit-based vaccines to combat the existing SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging VoCs. The IMT-CVAX is produced using a scalable process and can be used for large-scale vaccine production in an industrial setup.