A budding yeast's perspective on aging: The shape I'm in

Abstract

Aging is exemplified by progressive, deleterious changes that increase the probability of death. However, while the effects of age are easy to recognize, identification of the processes involved has proved to be much more difficult. Somewhat surprisingly, research using the budding yeast has had a profound impact on our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in aging. Herein, we examine the biological significance and implications surrounding the observation that genetic pathways involved in the modulation of aging and the determination of lifespan in yeast are highly complicated and conserved.

Cell-cycle regulator Whi5 shapes proliferative heterogeneity in clonal populations

“…It is important to emphasize that the impact in proliferation rate that we describe takes place at the very early stages of the replicative lifespan, since this connection has been so far studied from the perspective of the last divisions (after more than 10 replicative cycles) that a mother cell undergoes before death (Egilmez & Jazwinski, 1989;S. Michal Jazwinski, 1999;J. Smith et al, 2015).…”

“…Very old cells are also deficient in the mechanism of asymmetric partitioning between mother and daughter cells, which prevents extrachromosomal rDNA circles and other aging factors to reach the latter (Hull & Houseley, 2020;Morlot et al, 2019;Sinclair & Guarente, 1997;Yang et al, 2015). The combination of these aging phenotypes contributes to increased generation time, provoking proliferative heterogeneity (Kamei et al, 2014;Knorre et al, 2018;Vaiserman et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017;Xu & Teixeira, 2019) and ultimately lead to cell senescence and death (Frenk & Houseley, 2018;J. Smith et al, 2015).…”

Role of Prohibitins in Aging and Therapeutic Potential Against Age-Related Diseases

“…The deletion of the gene was thought to increase lifespan by allowing cells to divide for longer than they normally would have. In contrast, another study discovered that deletion of either PHB1 or PHB2 reduces the replicative lifespan in S. cerevisiae and leads to changes typical in aging, such as a longer duration of cell division and larger cell size (Coates et al, 1997;Smith et al, 2015). Since both Franklin and Jazwinski (1993) and Coates et al (1997) were examining replicative lifespan, it may be beneficial to examine the factors that contribute to different results when measuring replicative lifespan in yeast.…”

Wieloaspektowa rola glukozy i jej metabolizmu w regulacji parametrów fizjologicznych i potencjału reprodukcyjnego komórek na podstawie badań z użyciem drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Zjawisko ograniczonej zdolności proliferacyjnej notowane jest także dla pojedynczych komórek drożdży S. cerevisiae, bowiem komórka "matka" w ciągu swojego życia może wytworzyć ograniczoną liczbę komórek potomnych [54]. Ograniczone możliwości reprodukcyjne komórek drożdży próbuje się tłumaczyć biorąc pod uwagę różnorodne czynniki w tym gromadzenie agregatów białkowych, niestabilność genetyczną i wzrost liczby pozachromosomalnych kółek rDNA czy akumulację uszkodzonych mitochondriów [55]. Alternatywne wyjaśnienie tej kwestii, odnoszące się do relatywnie dużych rozmiarów uzyskiwanych przez komórki, które zakończyły proliferację, przedstawia hipoteza hipertrofii [56,57].…”