A candidate gene for fire blight resistance in Malus × robusta 5 is coding for a CC–NBS–LRR

Fahrentrapp, Johannes; Broggini, Giovanni A. L.; Kellerhals, M.; Peil, Andreas; Richter, Klaus; Zini, E.; Gessler, C.

doi:10.1007/s11295-012-0550-3

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Firstly, the amounts of subsidies (direct payments) were postulated as similar for GM crops as for conventional ones. Secondly, the appearance of weeds tolerant to HT plants (Brookes and Barfoot 2013;Green 2014), insect resistance for Bt species, apple scab, or fire blight resistances were not monitored here despite their reported occurrence (Vogt et al 2013;Fahrentrapp et al 2013;Jin et al 2015) but were nonetheless discussed. MCDA and more generally multiattribute models are not directly suitable for time-series evaluation (Bohanec et al 2008).…”

Section: System Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Wohlfender-Bühler

Feusthuber

Wager

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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In Switzerland, genetically modified (GM) crops have been banned in 2005 and have never been used in agriculture. The relevance and sustainability of genetically modified crops for agrosystems have been assessed following a mandate from the Swiss Parliament defined by the Federal Act on Agriculture (187d al.1). For that, an ex ante study based on a multi-criteria decision analysis model that summarises literature and the opinion of experts has been done.The impacts of genetically modified crops on both environmental and socio-economical sustainability in Switzerland have been assessed. Here, we review four model crops for Swiss agriculture: maize, sugar beet, potato and apple. Each crop was compared for both conventional and genetically modified farming systems that contain a specific trait, namely insecticide production (Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)), herbicide tolerance (HT), fungal resistance (FR), or bacterial resistance (BR). Results show that six out of seven scenarios showed a lower socio-economical sustainability for genetically modified compared to the conventional systems, whereas a slight improvement in the environmental component, mostly resources use, was observed in all scenarios. In conclusion, our work indicates that only carefully tailored and designed genetically modified crops would meet the high standard of requirements of Swiss agrosystems. Our model has thus allowed a quick diagnostic on the impact of genetically modified cultivation on sustainability.

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Section: System Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Wohlfender-Bühler

Feusthuber

Wager

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Twenty-two SNPs were identified in three out of fourteen amplicons analyzed for the presence of SNPs: FBsnFBMr5-1, rp16k15 (Fahrentrapp et al 2013) and…”

Section: Fb_mr5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marker rp16k15, developed on one BAC 16k15 insert-end, and NZsnEH034548 were mapped by Fahrentrapp et al (2013) at 0.17 cM resp. 0.22 cM downstream from FB_MR5.…”

Section: Fb_mr5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of SNPs linked to eight apple disease resistance loci

et al. 2015

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Although genetic and genomic studies have progressed to a very advanced level in apple, the application of this acquired knowledge for markerassisted breeding (MAB) remains limited mainly to pyramiding monogenetically inherited resistances against apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight. Crucial contributing reasons are the uncertainty in map position of some genes and the lack of tightly linked markers suitable for high-throughput analysis (HTA) that reduces the costs of MAB. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have the potential to resolve these major issues. Here we present the refined map positions of the apple scab resistance genes Rvi2, Rvi4 and Rvi11, and the systematic search for SNPs associated with apple scab (Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi11, Rvi15), powdery mildew (Pl2) and fire blight (FB_E and FB_MR5) resistances. With the aid of the 'Golden Delicious' sequence, several SNPs linked to each of the eight resistances were identified in the genomic regions around the resistance loci previously delimited by simple sequence repeat markers. The specificity of the alleles in coupling with the resistances was determined by screening eight apple genotypes, six of them being founding clones of modern apple cultivars. These SNPs can now be used to develop SNP-based HTA assays for MAB.

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“…However, not many resistant cultivars have yet been produced. In the last two decades, investigation has begun into the control of FB through wild and crab apple resistance genes, such as genes found in Malus × robusta 5, M. × domestica “Evereste”, M. fusca and M. baccata [24,25] . Studies have also been performed to find quantitative trait loci (QTLs from M. × domestica “Enterprise”, “Rewena”, “Fiesta”, “Florina” and M. floribunda 821) for FB resistance in cultivars showing low disease severity [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

Gusberti¹,

Klemm

Meier

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Fire blight (FB), caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most important pome fruit pathogens worldwide. To control this devastating disease, various chemical and biological treatments are commonly applied in Switzerland, but they fail to keep the infection at an acceptable level in years of heavy disease pressure. The Swiss authorities therefore currently allow the controlled use of the antibiotic streptomycin against FB in years that are predicted to have heavy infection periods, but only one treatment per season is permitted. Another strategy for controlling Erwinia is to breed resistant/tolerant apple cultivars. One way of accelerating the breeding process is to obtain resistant cultivars by inserting one or several major resistance genes, using genetic engineering. To date, no study summarizing the impact of different FB control measures on the environment and on human health has been performed. This study consequently aims to compare different disease-control measures (biological control, chemical control, control by antibiotics and by resistant/tolerant apple cultivars obtained through conventional or molecular breeding) applied against E. amylovora, considering different protection goals (protection of human health, environment, agricultural diversity and economic interest), with special emphasis on biosafety aspects. Information on each FB control measure in relation to the specified protection goal was assessed by literature searches and by interviews with experts. Based on our results it can be concluded that the FB control measures currently applied in Switzerland are safe for consumers, workers and the environment. However, there are several gaps in our knowledge of the human health and environmental impacts analyzed: data are missing (1) on long term studies on the efficacy of most of the analyzed FB control measures; (2) on the safety of operators handling streptomycin; (3) on residue analyses of Equisetum plant extract, the copper and aluminum compounds used in apple production; and (4) on the effect of biological and chemical control measures on non-target fauna and flora. These gaps urgently need to be addressed in the near future.

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A candidate gene for fire blight resistance in Malus × robusta 5 is coding for a CC–NBS–LRR

Cited by 78 publications

References 68 publications

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Genetically modified crops in Switzerland: implications for agrosystem sustainability evidenced by multi-criteria model

Identification of SNPs linked to eight apple disease resistance loci

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

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